SQLite

    char *zSql;
    if( p->pSeekStmt ){
      pCsr->pStmt = p->pSeekStmt;
      p->pSeekStmt = 0;
    }else{
      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT %s WHERE rowid = ?", p->zReadExprlist);
      if( !zSql ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db, zSql,-1,SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,&pCsr->pStmt,0);
      sqlite3_free(zSql);
    }
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ) pCsr->bSeekStmt = 1;
  }
  return rc;
}

      );
    }else{
      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf("SELECT %s ORDER BY rowid %s", 
          p->zReadExprlist, (pCsr->bDesc ? "DESC" : "ASC")
      );
    }
    if( zSql ){
      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db,zSql,-1,SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,&pCsr->pStmt,0);
      sqlite3_free(zSql);
    }else{
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
  }else if( eSearch==FTS3_DOCID_SEARCH ){
    rc = fts3CursorSeekStmt(pCsr);
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){

      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[eStmt], p->zReadExprlist);
    }else{
      zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[eStmt], p->zDb, p->zName);
    }
    if( !zSql ){
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }else{
      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->db, zSql, -1, SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,
                              &pStmt, NULL);
      sqlite3_free(zSql);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pStmt==0 );
      p->aStmt[eStmt] = pStmt;
    }
  }
  if( apVal ){
    int i;

static int fts5IndexPrepareStmt(
  Fts5Index *p,
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,
  char *zSql
){
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    if( zSql ){
      p->rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(p->pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
                                 SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, ppStmt, 0);
    }else{
      p->rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
  }
  sqlite3_free(zSql);
  return p->rc;
}

    char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(
        "DELETE FROM '%q'.'%q_data' WHERE id>=? AND id<=?", 
          pConfig->zDb, pConfig->zName
    );
    if( zSql==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }else{
      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &p->pDeleter, 0);
      sqlite3_free(zSql);
    }
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      p->rc = rc;
      return;
    }
  }

  va_list ap;

  va_start(ap, zFmt);
  zSql = sqlite3_vmprintf(zFmt, ap);
  if( zSql==0 ){
    rc = SQLITE_NOMEM; 
  }else{
    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1, 
                            SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &pRet, 0);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      *pConfig->pzErrmsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(pConfig->db));
    }
    sqlite3_free(zSql);
  }

  va_end(ap);

  const char *zRank = pCsr->zRank;
  const char *zRankArgs = pCsr->zRankArgs;

  if( zRankArgs ){
    char *zSql = sqlite3Fts5Mprintf(&rc, "SELECT %s", zRankArgs);
    if( zSql ){
      sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;
      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pConfig->db, zSql, -1,
                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &pStmt, 0);
      sqlite3_free(zSql);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pCsr->pRankArgStmt==0 );
      if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
        if( SQLITE_ROW==sqlite3_step(pStmt) ){
          int nByte;
          pCsr->nRankArg = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
          nByte = sizeof(sqlite3_value*)*pCsr->nRankArg;

        zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azStmt[eStmt], pC->zDb, pC->zName);
        break;
    }

    if( zSql==0 ){
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }else{
      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(pC->db, zSql, -1,
                              SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT, &p->aStmt[eStmt], 0);
      sqlite3_free(zSql);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_OK && pzErrMsg ){
        *pzErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("%s", sqlite3_errmsg(pC->db));
      }
    }
  }

  appStmt[6] = &pRtree->pWriteParent;
  appStmt[7] = &pRtree->pDeleteParent;

  rc = rtreeQueryStat1(db, pRtree);
  for(i=0; i<N_STATEMENT && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
    char *zSql = sqlite3_mprintf(azSql[i], zDb, zPrefix);
    if( zSql ){
      rc = sqlite3_prepare_v3(db, zSql, -1, SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT,
                              appStmt[i], 0); 
    }else{
      rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    sqlite3_free(zSql);
  }

  return rc;

/*
** Compile the UTF-8 encoded SQL statement zSql into a statement handle.
*/
static int sqlite3Prepare(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
  Vdbe *pReprepare,         /* VM being reprepared */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
){
  char *zErrMsg = 0;        /* Error message */
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;       /* Result code */
  int i;                    /* Loop counter */
  Parse sParse;             /* Parsing context */

  memset(&sParse, 0, PARSE_HDR_SZ);
  memset(PARSE_TAIL(&sParse), 0, PARSE_TAIL_SZ);
  sParse.pReprepare = pReprepare;
  assert( ppStmt && *ppStmt==0 );
  /* assert( !db->mallocFailed ); // not true with SQLITE_USE_ALLOCA */
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );

  /* For a long-term use prepared statement avoid the use of
  ** lookaside memory.
  */
  if( prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT ){
    sParse.disableLookaside++;
    db->lookaside.bDisable++;
  }

  /* Check to verify that it is possible to get a read lock on all
  ** database schemas.  The inability to get a read lock indicates that
  ** some other database connection is holding a write-lock, which in
  ** turn means that the other connection has made uncommitted changes
  ** to the schema.
  **

      sqlite3VdbeSetColName(sParse.pVdbe, i-iFirst, COLNAME_NAME,
                            azColName[i], SQLITE_STATIC);
    }
  }
#endif

  if( db->init.busy==0 ){

    sqlite3VdbeSetSql(sParse.pVdbe, zSql, (int)(sParse.zTail-zSql), prepFlags);
  }
  if( sParse.pVdbe && (rc!=SQLITE_OK || db->mallocFailed) ){
    sqlite3VdbeFinalize(sParse.pVdbe);
    assert(!(*ppStmt));
  }else{
    *ppStmt = (sqlite3_stmt*)sParse.pVdbe;
  }

  assert( (rc&db->errMask)==rc );
  return rc;
}
static int sqlite3LockAndPrepare(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
  Vdbe *pOld,               /* VM being reprepared */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
){
  int rc;

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
  if( ppStmt==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
#endif
  *ppStmt = 0;
  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db)||zSql==0 ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  sqlite3BtreeEnterAll(db);
  rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, prepFlags, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
  if( rc==SQLITE_SCHEMA ){
    sqlite3_finalize(*ppStmt);
    rc = sqlite3Prepare(db, zSql, nBytes, prepFlags, pOld, ppStmt, pzTail);
  }
  sqlite3BtreeLeaveAll(db);
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(db->mutex);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || *ppStmt==0 );
  return rc;
}

/*
** Rerun the compilation of a statement after a schema change.
**
** If the statement is successfully recompiled, return SQLITE_OK. Otherwise,
** if the statement cannot be recompiled because another connection has
** locked the sqlite3_master table, return SQLITE_LOCKED. If any other error
** occurs, return SQLITE_SCHEMA.
*/
int sqlite3Reprepare(Vdbe *p){
  int rc;
  sqlite3_stmt *pNew;
  const char *zSql;
  sqlite3 *db;
  u8 prepFlags;

  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(sqlite3VdbeDb(p)->mutex) );
  zSql = sqlite3_sql((sqlite3_stmt *)p);
  assert( zSql!=0 );  /* Reprepare only called for prepare_v2() statements */
  db = sqlite3VdbeDb(p);
  assert( sqlite3_mutex_held(db->mutex) );
  prepFlags = sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(p);
  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql, -1, prepFlags, p, &pNew, 0);
  if( rc ){
    if( rc==SQLITE_NOMEM ){
      sqlite3OomFault(db);
    }
    assert( pNew==0 );
    return rc;
  }else{

  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
){
  int rc;
  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db,zSql,nBytes,SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL,0,
                             ppStmt,pzTail);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
  return rc;
}
int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */
  const char *zSql,         /* UTF-8 encoded SQL statement. */
  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  unsigned int prepFlags,   /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
  const char **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
){
  int rc;
  rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db,zSql,nBytes,
                 SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL|(prepFlags&SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK),
                 0,ppStmt,pzTail);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
  return rc;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16
/*
** Compile the UTF-16 encoded SQL statement zSql into a statement handle.
*/
static int sqlite3Prepare16(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
  const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  u32 prepFlags,            /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
  const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
){
  /* This function currently works by first transforming the UTF-16
  ** encoded string to UTF-8, then invoking sqlite3_prepare(). The
  ** tricky bit is figuring out the pointer to return in *pzTail.
  */

    const char *z = (const char*)zSql;
    for(sz=0; sz<nBytes && (z[sz]!=0 || z[sz+1]!=0); sz += 2){}
    nBytes = sz;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  zSql8 = sqlite3Utf16to8(db, zSql, nBytes, SQLITE_UTF16NATIVE);
  if( zSql8 ){
    rc = sqlite3LockAndPrepare(db, zSql8, -1, prepFlags, 0, ppStmt, &zTail8);
  }

  if( zTail8 && pzTail ){
    /* If sqlite3_prepare returns a tail pointer, we calculate the
    ** equivalent pointer into the UTF-16 string by counting the unicode
    ** characters between zSql8 and zTail8, and then returning a pointer
    ** the same number of characters into the UTF-16 string.

  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
  const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
  const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
){
  int rc;
  rc = sqlite3Prepare16(db,zSql,nBytes,SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL,ppStmt,pzTail);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
  return rc;
}
int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
  sqlite3 *db,              /* Database handle. */ 
  const void *zSql,         /* UTF-16 encoded SQL statement. */
  int nBytes,               /* Length of zSql in bytes. */
  unsigned int prepFlags,   /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,    /* OUT: A pointer to the prepared statement */
  const void **pzTail       /* OUT: End of parsed string */
){
  int rc;
  rc = sqlite3Prepare16(db,zSql,nBytes,
         SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL|(prepFlags&SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK),
         ppStmt,pzTail);
  assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || ppStmt==0 || *ppStmt==0 );  /* VERIFY: F13021 */
  return rc;
}

#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_UTF16 */

**
** Each open SQLite database is represented by a pointer to an instance of
** the opaque structure named "sqlite3".  It is useful to think of an sqlite3
** pointer as an object.  The [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open16()], and
** [sqlite3_open_v2()] interfaces are its constructors, and [sqlite3_close()]
** and [sqlite3_close_v2()] are its destructors.  There are many other
** interfaces (such as
** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_create_function()], and
** [sqlite3_busy_timeout()] to name but three) that are methods on an
** sqlite3 object.
*/
typedef struct sqlite3 sqlite3;

/*
** CAPI3REF: 64-Bit Integer Types

typedef int (*sqlite3_callback)(void*,int,char**, char**);

/*
** CAPI3REF: One-Step Query Execution Interface
** METHOD: sqlite3
**
** The sqlite3_exec() interface is a convenience wrapper around
** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_step()], and [sqlite3_finalize()],
** that allows an application to run multiple statements of SQL
** without having to use a lot of C code. 
**
** ^The sqlite3_exec() interface runs zero or more UTF-8 encoded,
** semicolon-separate SQL statements passed into its 2nd argument,
** in the context of the [database connection] passed in as its 1st
** argument.  ^If the callback function of the 3rd argument to

** METHOD: sqlite3
** KEYWORDS: {authorizer callback}
**
** ^This routine registers an authorizer callback with a particular
** [database connection], supplied in the first argument.
** ^The authorizer callback is invoked as SQL statements are being compiled
** by [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants [sqlite3_prepare_v2()],
** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
** and [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].  ^At various
** points during the compilation process, as logic is being created
** to perform various actions, the authorizer callback is invoked to
** see if those actions are allowed.  ^The authorizer callback should
** return [SQLITE_OK] to allow the action, [SQLITE_IGNORE] to disallow the
** specific action but allow the SQL statement to continue to be
** compiled, or [SQLITE_DENY] to cause the entire SQL statement to be
** rejected with an error.  ^If the authorizer callback returns
** any value other than [SQLITE_IGNORE], [SQLITE_OK], or [SQLITE_DENY]
** then the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or equivalent call that triggered
** the authorizer will fail with an error message.
**
** When the callback returns [SQLITE_OK], that means the operation
** requested is ok.  ^When the callback returns [SQLITE_DENY], the
** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or equivalent call that triggered the
** authorizer will fail with an error message explaining that
** access is denied. 
**
** ^The first parameter to the authorizer callback is a copy of the third
** parameter to the sqlite3_set_authorizer() interface. ^The second parameter
** to the callback is an integer [SQLITE_COPY | action code] that specifies
** the particular action to be authorized. ^The third through sixth parameters

** ^(Only a single authorizer can be in place on a database connection
** at a time.  Each call to sqlite3_set_authorizer overrides the
** previous call.)^  ^Disable the authorizer by installing a NULL callback.
** The authorizer is disabled by default.
**
** The authorizer callback must not do anything that will modify
** the database connection that invoked the authorizer callback.
** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
**
** ^When [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] is used to prepare a statement, the
** statement might be re-prepared during [sqlite3_step()] due to a 
** schema change.  Hence, the application should ensure that the
** correct authorizer callback remains in place during the [sqlite3_step()].
**
** ^Note that the authorizer callback is invoked only during
** [sqlite3_prepare()] or its variants.  Authorization is not
** performed during statement evaluation in [sqlite3_step()], unless
** as stated in the previous paragraph, sqlite3_step() invokes
** sqlite3_prepare_v3() to reprepare a statement after a schema change.
*/
int sqlite3_set_authorizer(
  sqlite3*,
  int (*xAuth)(void*,int,const char*,const char*,const char*,const char*),
  void *pUserData
);

**
** ^If the progress callback returns non-zero, the operation is
** interrupted.  This feature can be used to implement a
** "Cancel" button on a GUI progress dialog box.
**
** The progress handler callback must not do anything that will modify
** the database connection that invoked the progress handler.
** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
**
*/
void sqlite3_progress_handler(sqlite3*, int, int(*)(void*), void*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Opening A New Database Connection

** original SQL text is source code.  A prepared statement object 
** is the compiled object code.  All SQL must be converted into a
** prepared statement before it can be run.
**
** The life-cycle of a prepared statement object usually goes like this:
**
** <ol>
** <li> Create the prepared statement object using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()].
** <li> Bind values to [parameters] using the sqlite3_bind_*()
**      interfaces.
** <li> Run the SQL by calling [sqlite3_step()] one or more times.
** <li> Reset the prepared statement using [sqlite3_reset()] then go back
**      to step 2.  Do this zero or more times.
** <li> Destroy the object using [sqlite3_finalize()].
** </ol>

** <dd>The maximum depth of the parse tree on any expression.</dd>)^
**
** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_COMPOUND_SELECT</dt>
** <dd>The maximum number of terms in a compound SELECT statement.</dd>)^
**
** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_VDBE_OP</dt>
** <dd>The maximum number of instructions in a virtual machine program
** used to implement an SQL statement.  If [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or
** the equivalent tries to allocate space for more than this many opcodes
** in a single prepared statement, an SQLITE_NOMEM error is returned.</dd>)^
**
** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG</dt>
** <dd>The maximum number of arguments on a function.</dd>)^
**
** [[SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED</dt>

#define SQLITE_LIMIT_FUNCTION_ARG              6
#define SQLITE_LIMIT_ATTACHED                  7
#define SQLITE_LIMIT_LIKE_PATTERN_LENGTH       8
#define SQLITE_LIMIT_VARIABLE_NUMBER           9
#define SQLITE_LIMIT_TRIGGER_DEPTH            10
#define SQLITE_LIMIT_WORKER_THREADS           11

/*
** CAPI3REF: Prepare Flags
** KEYWORDS:
**
** These constants define various flags that can be passed into
** the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] interface.
**
** <dl>
** [[SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT]] ^(<dt>SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT</dt>
** <dd>The SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT flag causes [sqlite3_prepare_v3()]
** to optimize the resulting prepared statement to be retained for a 
** relatively long amount of time.)^  ^Without this flag,
** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] assumes that the prepared statement will be used
** just once or at most a few times and then destroyed using
** [sqlite3_finalize()] relatively soon.
** </dl>
*/
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT              0x01

/*
** CAPI3REF: Compiling An SQL Statement
** KEYWORDS: {SQL statement compiler}
** METHOD: sqlite3
** CONSTRUCTOR: sqlite3_stmt
**
** To execute an SQL query, it must first be compiled into a byte-code
** program using one of these routines.
**
** The first argument, "db", is a [database connection] obtained from a
** prior successful call to [sqlite3_open()], [sqlite3_open_v2()] or
** [sqlite3_open16()].  The database connection must not have been closed.
**
** The second argument, "zSql", is the statement to be compiled, encoded
** as either UTF-8 or UTF-16.  The sqlite3_prepare(), sqlite3_prepare_v2(),
** and sqlite3_prepare_v3()
** interfaces use UTF-8, and sqlite3_prepare16(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() use UTF-16.
**
** ^If the nByte argument is negative, then zSql is read up to the
** first zero terminator. ^If nByte is positive, then it is the
** number of bytes read from zSql.  ^If nByte is zero, then no prepared
** statement is generated.
** If the caller knows that the supplied string is nul-terminated, then
** there is a small performance advantage to passing an nByte parameter that

** The calling procedure is responsible for deleting the compiled
** SQL statement using [sqlite3_finalize()] after it has finished with it.
** ppStmt may not be NULL.
**
** ^On success, the sqlite3_prepare() family of routines return [SQLITE_OK];
** otherwise an [error code] is returned.
**
** The sqlite3_prepare_v2(), sqlite3_prepare_v3(), sqlite3_prepare16_v2(),
** and sqlite3_prepare16_v3() interfaces are recommended for all new programs.
** The older interfaces are retained (sqlite3_prepare() and sqlite3_prepare16())
** are retained for backwards compatibility, but their use is discouraged.
** ^In the "vX" interfaces, the prepared statement
** that is returned (the [sqlite3_stmt] object) contains a copy of the
** original SQL text. This causes the [sqlite3_step()] interface to
** behave differently in three ways:
**
** <ol>
** <li>
** ^If the database schema changes, instead of returning [SQLITE_SCHEMA] as it

** a schema change, on the first  [sqlite3_step()] call following any change
** to the [sqlite3_bind_text | bindings] of that [parameter]. 
** ^The specific value of WHERE-clause [parameter] might influence the 
** choice of query plan if the parameter is the left-hand side of a [LIKE]
** or [GLOB] operator or if the parameter is compared to an indexed column
** and the [SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3] compile-time option is enabled.
** </li>
**
** <p>^sqlite3_prepare_v3() differs from sqlite3_prepare_v2() only in having
** the extra prepFlags parameter, which is a bit array consisting of zero or
** more of the [SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT|SQLITE_PREPARE_*] flags.  ^The
** sqlite3_prepare_v2() interface works exactly the same as
** sqlite3_prepare_v3() with a zero prepFlags parameter.
** </ol>
*/
int sqlite3_prepare(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);
int sqlite3_prepare_v2(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);
int sqlite3_prepare_v3(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const char *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-8 encoded */
  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
  unsigned int prepFlags, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const char **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);
int sqlite3_prepare16(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);
int sqlite3_prepare16_v2(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);
int sqlite3_prepare16_v3(
  sqlite3 *db,            /* Database handle */
  const void *zSql,       /* SQL statement, UTF-16 encoded */
  int nByte,              /* Maximum length of zSql in bytes. */
  unsigned int prepFalgs, /* Zero or more SQLITE_PREPARE_ flags */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,  /* OUT: Statement handle */
  const void **pzTail     /* OUT: Pointer to unused portion of zSql */
);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Retrieving Statement SQL
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^The sqlite3_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a copy of the UTF-8
** SQL text used to create [prepared statement] P if P was
** created by [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()],
** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
** ^The sqlite3_expanded_sql(P) interface returns a pointer to a UTF-8
** string containing the SQL text of prepared statement P with
** [bound parameters] expanded.
**
** ^(For example, if a prepared statement is created using the SQL
** text "SELECT $abc,:xyz" and if parameter $abc is bound to integer 2345
** and parameter :xyz is unbound, then sqlite3_sql() will return

/*
** CAPI3REF: Binding Values To Prepared Statements
** KEYWORDS: {host parameter} {host parameters} {host parameter name}
** KEYWORDS: {SQL parameter} {SQL parameters} {parameter binding}
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^(In the SQL statement text input to [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and its variants,
** literals may be replaced by a [parameter] that matches one of following
** templates:
**
** <ul>
** <li>  ?
** <li>  ?NNN
** <li>  :VVV
** <li>  @VVV
** <li>  $VVV
** </ul>
**
** In the templates above, NNN represents an integer literal,
** and VVV represents an alphanumeric identifier.)^  ^The values of these
** parameters (also called "host parameter names" or "SQL parameters")
** can be set using the sqlite3_bind_*() routines defined here.
**
** ^The first argument to the sqlite3_bind_*() routines is always
** a pointer to the [sqlite3_stmt] object returned from
** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or its variants.
**
** ^The second argument is the index of the SQL parameter to be set.
** ^The leftmost SQL parameter has an index of 1.  ^When the same named
** SQL parameter is used more than once, second and subsequent
** occurrences have the same index as the first occurrence.
** ^The index for named parameters can be looked up using the
** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()] API if desired.  ^The index

** and are referred to as "nameless" or "anonymous parameters".
**
** ^The first host parameter has an index of 1, not 0.
**
** ^If the value N is out of range or if the N-th parameter is
** nameless, then NULL is returned.  ^The returned string is
** always in UTF-8 encoding even if the named parameter was
** originally specified as UTF-16 in [sqlite3_prepare16()],
** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()], or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
**
** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_index()].
*/
const char *sqlite3_bind_parameter_name(sqlite3_stmt*, int);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Index Of A Parameter With A Given Name
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^Return the index of an SQL parameter given its name.  ^The
** index value returned is suitable for use as the second
** parameter to [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()].  ^A zero
** is returned if no matching parameter is found.  ^The parameter
** name must be given in UTF-8 even if the original statement
** was prepared from UTF-16 text using [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or
** [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()].
**
** See also: [sqlite3_bind_blob|sqlite3_bind()],
** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_count()], and
** [sqlite3_bind_parameter_name()].
*/
int sqlite3_bind_parameter_index(sqlite3_stmt*, const char *zName);

const char *sqlite3_column_decltype(sqlite3_stmt*,int);
const void *sqlite3_column_decltype16(sqlite3_stmt*,int);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Evaluate An SQL Statement
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** After a [prepared statement] has been prepared using any of
** [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()],
** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] or one of the legacy
** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] or [sqlite3_prepare16()], this function
** must be called one or more times to evaluate the statement.
**
** The details of the behavior of the sqlite3_step() interface depend
** on whether the statement was prepared using the newer "vX" interfaces
** [sqlite3_prepare_v3()], [sqlite3_prepare_v2()], [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()],
** [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or the older legacy
** interfaces [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()].  The use of the
** new "vX" interface is recommended for new applications but the legacy
** interface will continue to be supported.
**
** ^In the legacy interface, the return value will be either [SQLITE_BUSY],
** [SQLITE_DONE], [SQLITE_ROW], [SQLITE_ERROR], or [SQLITE_MISUSE].
** ^With the "v2" interface, any of the other [result codes] or
** [extended result codes] might be returned as well.
**

** <b>Goofy Interface Alert:</b> In the legacy interface, the sqlite3_step()
** API always returns a generic error code, [SQLITE_ERROR], following any
** error other than [SQLITE_BUSY] and [SQLITE_MISUSE].  You must call
** [sqlite3_reset()] or [sqlite3_finalize()] in order to find one of the
** specific [error codes] that better describes the error.
** We admit that this is a goofy design.  The problem has been fixed
** with the "v2" interface.  If you prepare all of your SQL statements
** using [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or [sqlite3_prepare_v2()]
** or [sqlite3_prepare16_v2()] or [sqlite3_prepare16_v3()] instead
** of the legacy [sqlite3_prepare()] and [sqlite3_prepare16()] interfaces,
** then the more specific [error codes] are returned directly
** by sqlite3_step().  The use of the "vX" interfaces is recommended.
*/
int sqlite3_step(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Number of columns in a result set
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**

** CAPI3REF: Result Values From A Query
** KEYWORDS: {column access functions}
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^These routines return information about a single column of the current
** result row of a query.  ^In every case the first argument is a pointer
** to the [prepared statement] that is being evaluated (the [sqlite3_stmt*]
** that was returned from [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] or one of its variants)
** and the second argument is the index of the column for which information
** should be returned. ^The leftmost column of the result set has the index 0.
** ^The number of columns in the result can be determined using
** [sqlite3_column_count()].
**
** If the SQL statement does not currently point to a valid row, or if the
** column index is out of range, the result is undefined.

** CAPI3REF: Find The Database Handle Of A Prepared Statement
** METHOD: sqlite3_stmt
**
** ^The sqlite3_db_handle interface returns the [database connection] handle
** to which a [prepared statement] belongs.  ^The [database connection]
** returned by sqlite3_db_handle is the same [database connection]
** that was the first argument
** to the [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] call (or its variants) that was used to
** create the statement in the first place.
*/
sqlite3 *sqlite3_db_handle(sqlite3_stmt*);

/*
** CAPI3REF: Return The Filename For A Database Connection
** METHOD: sqlite3

** The commit and rollback hook callbacks are not reentrant.
** The callback implementation must not do anything that will modify
** the database connection that invoked the callback.  Any actions
** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the commit
** or rollback hook in the first place.
** Note that running any other SQL statements, including SELECT statements,
** or merely calling [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and [sqlite3_step()] will modify
** the database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
**
** ^Registering a NULL function disables the callback.
**
** ^When the commit hook callback routine returns zero, the [COMMIT]
** operation is allowed to continue normally.  ^If the commit hook
** returns non-zero, then the [COMMIT] is converted into a [ROLLBACK].

** The exceptions defined in this paragraph might change in a future
** release of SQLite.
**
** The update hook implementation must not do anything that will modify
** the database connection that invoked the update hook.  Any actions
** to modify the database connection must be deferred until after the
** completion of the [sqlite3_step()] call that triggered the update hook.
** Note that [sqlite3_prepare_v3()] and [sqlite3_step()] both modify their
** database connections for the meaning of "modify" in this paragraph.
**
** ^The sqlite3_update_hook(D,C,P) function
** returns the P argument from the previous call
** on the same [database connection] D, or NULL for
** the first call on D.
**

*/
static int dbPrepare(
  SqliteDb *pDb,                  /* Database object */
  const char *zSql,               /* SQL to compile */
  sqlite3_stmt **ppStmt,          /* OUT: Prepared statement */
  const char **pzOut              /* OUT: Pointer to next SQL statement */
){
  unsigned int prepFlags = 0;
#ifdef SQLITE_TEST
  if( pDb->bLegacyPrepare ){
    return sqlite3_prepare(pDb->db, zSql, -1, ppStmt, pzOut);
  }
#endif
  /* If the statement cache is large, use the SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT
  ** flags, which uses less lookaside memory.  But if the cache is small,
  ** omit that flag to make full use of lookaside */
  if( pDb->maxStmt>5 ) prepFlags = SQLITE_PREPARE_PERSISTENT;

  return sqlite3_prepare_v3(pDb->db, zSql, -1, prepFlags, ppStmt, pzOut);
}

/*
** Search the cache for a prepared-statement object that implements the
** first SQL statement in the buffer pointed to by parameter zIn. If
** no such prepared-statement can be found, allocate and prepare a new
** one. In either case, bind the current values of the relevant Tcl

/*
** The makefile scans the vdbe.c source file and creates the "opcodes.h"
** header file that defines a number for each opcode used by the VDBE.
*/
#include "opcodes.h"

/*
** Additional non-public SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags
*/
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL  0x80  /* Preserve SQL text */
#define SQLITE_PREPARE_MASK     0x0f  /* Mask of public flags */

/*
** Prototypes for the VDBE interface.  See comments on the implementation
** for a description of what each of these routines does.
*/
Vdbe *sqlite3VdbeCreate(Parse*);
int sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(Vdbe*,int);
int sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(Vdbe*,int,int);

void sqlite3VdbeResetStepResult(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeRewind(Vdbe*);
int sqlite3VdbeReset(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeSetNumCols(Vdbe*,int);
int sqlite3VdbeSetColName(Vdbe*, int, int, const char *, void(*)(void*));
void sqlite3VdbeCountChanges(Vdbe*);
sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe*);
u8 sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(Vdbe*);
void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe*, const char *z, int n, u8);
void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe*,Vdbe*);
VdbeOp *sqlite3VdbeTakeOpArray(Vdbe*, int*, int*);
sqlite3_value *sqlite3VdbeGetBoundValue(Vdbe*, int, u8);
void sqlite3VdbeSetVarmask(Vdbe*, int);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_TRACE
  char *sqlite3VdbeExpandSql(Vdbe*, const char*);
#endif

  int nOp;                /* Number of instructions in the program */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  int rcApp;              /* errcode set by sqlite3_result_error_code() */
#endif
  u16 nResColumn;         /* Number of columns in one row of the result set */
  u8 errorAction;         /* Recovery action to do in case of an error */
  u8 minWriteFileFormat;  /* Minimum file format for writable database files */
  u8 prepFlags;           /* SQLITE_PREPARE_* flags */
  bft expired:1;          /* True if the VM needs to be recompiled */
  bft doingRerun:1;       /* True if rerunning after an auto-reprepare */
  bft explain:2;          /* True if EXPLAIN present on SQL command */
  bft changeCntOn:1;      /* True to update the change-counter */
  bft runOnlyOnce:1;      /* Automatically expire on reset */
  bft usesStmtJournal:1;  /* True if uses a statement journal */
  bft readOnly:1;         /* True for statements that do not write */
  bft bIsReader:1;        /* True for statements that read */

  yDbMask btreeMask;      /* Bitmask of db->aDb[] entries referenced */
  yDbMask lockMask;       /* Subset of btreeMask that requires a lock */
  u32 aCounter[5];        /* Counters used by sqlite3_stmt_status() */
  char *zSql;             /* Text of the SQL statement that generated this */
  void *pFree;            /* Free this when deleting the vdbe */
  VdbeFrame *pFrame;      /* Parent frame */
  VdbeFrame *pDelFrame;   /* List of frame objects to free on VM reset */

  sqlite3_mutex *mutex = ((Vdbe*)pStmt)->db->mutex;
#endif
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(mutex);
  for(i=0; i<p->nVar; i++){
    sqlite3VdbeMemRelease(&p->aVar[i]);
    p->aVar[i].flags = MEM_Null;
  }
  assert( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || p->expmask==0 );
  if( p->expmask ){
    p->expired = 1;
  }
  sqlite3_mutex_leave(mutex);
  return rc;
}

  ** contains the value that would be returned if sqlite3_finalize() 
  ** were called on statement p.
  */
  assert( rc==SQLITE_ROW  || rc==SQLITE_DONE   || rc==SQLITE_ERROR 
       || (rc&0xff)==SQLITE_BUSY || rc==SQLITE_MISUSE
  );
  assert( (p->rc!=SQLITE_ROW && p->rc!=SQLITE_DONE) || p->rc==p->rcApp );
  if( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 
   && rc!=SQLITE_ROW 
   && rc!=SQLITE_DONE 
  ){
    /* If this statement was prepared using saved SQL and an 
    ** error has occurred, then return the error code in p->rc to the
    ** caller. Set the error code in the database handle to the same value.
    */ 
    rc = sqlite3VdbeTransferError(p);
  }
  return (rc&db->errMask);
}

  **
  ** IMPLEMENTATION-OF: R-48440-37595 If the specific value bound to host
  ** parameter in the WHERE clause might influence the choice of query plan
  ** for a statement, then the statement will be automatically recompiled,
  ** as if there had been a schema change, on the first sqlite3_step() call
  ** following any change to the bindings of that parameter.
  */
  assert( (p->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || p->expmask==0 );
  if( p->expmask!=0 && (p->expmask & (i>=31 ? 0x80000000 : (u32)1<<i))!=0 ){
    p->expired = 1;
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*

*/
int sqlite3_transfer_bindings(sqlite3_stmt *pFromStmt, sqlite3_stmt *pToStmt){
  Vdbe *pFrom = (Vdbe*)pFromStmt;
  Vdbe *pTo = (Vdbe*)pToStmt;
  if( pFrom->nVar!=pTo->nVar ){
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }
  assert( (pTo->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || pTo->expmask==0 );
  if( pTo->expmask ){
    pTo->expired = 1;
  }
  assert( (pFrom->prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)!=0 || pFrom->expmask==0 );
  if( pFrom->expmask ){
    pFrom->expired = 1;
  }
  return sqlite3TransferBindings(pFromStmt, pToStmt);
}
#endif

  p->zErrMsg = sqlite3VMPrintf(p->db, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
}

/*
** Remember the SQL string for a prepared statement.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeSetSql(Vdbe *p, const char *z, int n, u8 prepFlags){

  if( p==0 ) return;
  p->prepFlags = prepFlags;
  if( (prepFlags & SQLITE_PREPARE_SAVESQL)==0 ){
    p->expmask = 0;



  }
  assert( p->zSql==0 );
  p->zSql = sqlite3DbStrNDup(p->db, z, n);

}

/*
** Swap all content between two VDBE structures.
*/
void sqlite3VdbeSwap(Vdbe *pA, Vdbe *pB){
  Vdbe tmp, *pTmp;

  pB->pNext = pTmp;
  pTmp = pA->pPrev;
  pA->pPrev = pB->pPrev;
  pB->pPrev = pTmp;
  zTmp = pA->zSql;
  pA->zSql = pB->zSql;
  pB->zSql = zTmp;

  pB->expmask = pA->expmask;
  pB->prepFlags = pA->prepFlags;
}

/*
** Resize the Vdbe.aOp array so that it is at least nOp elements larger 
** than its current size. nOp is guaranteed to be less than or equal
** to 1024/sizeof(Op).
**

/*
** Return the database associated with the Vdbe.
*/
sqlite3 *sqlite3VdbeDb(Vdbe *v){
  return v->db;
}

/*
** Return the SQLITE_PREPARE flags for a Vdbe.
*/
u8 sqlite3VdbePrepareFlags(Vdbe *v){
  return v->prepFlags;
}

/*
** Return a pointer to an sqlite3_value structure containing the value bound
** parameter iVar of VM v. Except, if the value is an SQL NULL, return 
** 0 instead. Unless it is NULL, apply affinity aff (one of the SQLITE_AFF_*
** constants) to the value before returning it.
**