int start_constraints;       /* Start of range is constrained */
    int nConstraint;             /* Number of constraint terms */
    Index *pIdx;                 /* The index we will be using */
    int iIdxCur;                 /* The VDBE cursor for the index */
    int nExtraReg = 0;           /* Number of extra registers needed */
    int op;                      /* Instruction opcode */
    char *zStartAff;             /* Affinity for start of range constraint */
    char *zEndAff;               /* Affinity for end of range constraint */

    pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
    iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
    assert( nEq>=pLoop->u.btree.nSkip );

    /* If this loop satisfies a sort order (pOrderBy) request that 
    ** was passed to this function to implement a "SELECT min(x) ..." 
................................................................................
    }

    /* Generate code to evaluate all constraint terms using == or IN
    ** and store the values of those terms in an array of registers
    ** starting at regBase.
    */
    regBase = codeAllEqualityTerms(pParse,pLevel,bRev,nExtraReg,&zStartAff);
    zEndAff = sqlite3DbStrDup(db, zStartAff);

    addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;

    /* If we are doing a reverse order scan on an ascending index, or
    ** a forward order scan on a descending index, interchange the 
    ** start and end terms (pRangeStart and pRangeEnd).
    */
    if( (nEq<pIdx->nKeyCol && bRev==(pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_ASC))
................................................................................
    if( pRangeEnd ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeEnd->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1);
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
      if( (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 ){
        sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(v, pRight, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
      }
      if( zEndAff ){
        if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, zEndAff[nEq])==SQLITE_AFF_NONE){
          /* Since the comparison is to be performed with no conversions
          ** applied to the operands, set the affinity to apply to pRight to 
          ** SQLITE_AFF_NONE.  */
          zEndAff[nEq] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;
        }
        if( sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, zEndAff[nEq]) ){
          zEndAff[nEq] = SQLITE_AFF_NONE;


        }
      }  
      codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase, nEq+1, zEndAff);
      nConstraint++;
      testcase( pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStartAff);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zEndAff);

    /* Top of the loop body */
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);

    /* Check if the index cursor is past the end of the range. */
    op = aEndOp[(pRangeEnd || nEq) * (1 + bRev)];
    testcase( op==OP_Noop );

    int start_constraints;       /* Start of range is constrained */
    int nConstraint;             /* Number of constraint terms */
    Index *pIdx;                 /* The index we will be using */
    int iIdxCur;                 /* The VDBE cursor for the index */
    int nExtraReg = 0;           /* Number of extra registers needed */
    int op;                      /* Instruction opcode */
    char *zStartAff;             /* Affinity for start of range constraint */
    char cEndAff = 0;            /* Affinity for end of range constraint */

    pIdx = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
    iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
    assert( nEq>=pLoop->u.btree.nSkip );

    /* If this loop satisfies a sort order (pOrderBy) request that 
    ** was passed to this function to implement a "SELECT min(x) ..." 
................................................................................
    }

    /* Generate code to evaluate all constraint terms using == or IN
    ** and store the values of those terms in an array of registers
    ** starting at regBase.
    */
    regBase = codeAllEqualityTerms(pParse,pLevel,bRev,nExtraReg,&zStartAff);
    assert( zStartAff==0 || sqlite3Strlen30(zStartAff)>=nEq );
    if( zStartAff ) cEndAff = zStartAff[nEq];
    addrNxt = pLevel->addrNxt;

    /* If we are doing a reverse order scan on an ascending index, or
    ** a forward order scan on a descending index, interchange the 
    ** start and end terms (pRangeStart and pRangeEnd).
    */
    if( (nEq<pIdx->nKeyCol && bRev==(pIdx->aSortOrder[nEq]==SQLITE_SO_ASC))
................................................................................
    if( pRangeEnd ){
      Expr *pRight = pRangeEnd->pExpr->pRight;
      sqlite3ExprCacheRemove(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1);
      sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pRight, regBase+nEq);
      if( (pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 ){
        sqlite3ExprCodeIsNullJump(v, pRight, regBase+nEq, addrNxt);
      }

      if( sqlite3CompareAffinity(pRight, cEndAff)!=SQLITE_AFF_NONE





       && !sqlite3ExprNeedsNoAffinityChange(pRight, cEndAff)

      ){
        codeApplyAffinity(pParse, regBase+nEq, 1, &cEndAff);
      }


      nConstraint++;
      testcase( pRangeEnd->wtFlags & TERM_VIRTUAL );
    }
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zStartAff);


    /* Top of the loop body */
    pLevel->p2 = sqlite3VdbeCurrentAddr(v);

    /* Check if the index cursor is past the end of the range. */
    op = aEndOp[(pRangeEnd || nEq) * (1 + bRev)];
    testcase( op==OP_Noop );