if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pExpr)==0 ) return 1;
  if( pExpr->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
    return pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
  }
  return pExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
}


/*
** If the expression passed as the first argument is a TK_VECTOR, return
** a pointer to the i'th field of the vector. Or, if the first argument
** points to a sub-select that returns more than one column, return a 
** pointer to the i'th returned column value. Otherwise, return a copy 
** of the first argument.
*/
................................................................................
      return pVector->x.pSelect->pEList->a[i].pExpr;
    }else{
      return pVector->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
    }
  }
  return pVector;
}


/*
** If expression pExpr is of type TK_SELECT, generate code to evaluate
** it. Return the register in which the result is stored (or, if the 
** sub-select returns more than one column, the first in an array
** of registers in which the result is stored).
**
** If pExpr is not a TK_SELECT expression, return 0.
*/
static int exprCodeSubselect(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  int reg = 0;

  if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ){
    reg = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr, 0, 0);
  }

  return reg;
}

/*
** Argument pVector points to a vector expression - either a TK_VECTOR
** or TK_SELECT that returns more than one column. This function returns
** the register number of a register that contains the value of
................................................................................
** address of the new instruction.
*/
int sqlite3CodeOnce(Parse *pParse){
  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);      /* Virtual machine being coded */
  return sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Once, pParse->nOnce++);
}


/*
** Generate code that checks the left-most column of index table iCur to see if
** it contains any NULL entries.  Cause the register at regHasNull to be set
** to a non-NULL value if iCur contains no NULLs.  Cause register regHasNull
** to be set to NULL if iCur contains one or more NULL values.
*/
static void sqlite3SetHasNullFlag(Vdbe *v, int iCur, int regHasNull){
................................................................................
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regHasNull);
  addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iCur); VdbeCoverage(v);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, 0, regHasNull);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
  VdbeComment((v, "first_entry_in(%d)", iCur));
  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
}



#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*
** The argument is an IN operator with a list (not a subquery) on the 
** right-hand side.  Return TRUE if that list is constant.
*/
................................................................................
    n = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pX->pLeft);
    for(i=0; i<n; i++) aiMap[i] = i;
  }
  return eType;
}
#endif


/*
** Argument pExpr is an (?, ?...) IN(...) expression. This 
** function allocates and returns a nul-terminated string containing 
** the affinities to be used for each column of the comparison.
**
** It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that the returned
** string is eventually freed using sqlite3DbFree().
................................................................................
        zRet[i] = a;
      }
    }
    zRet[nVal] = '\0';
  }
  return zRet;
}


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*
** Load the Parse object passed as the first argument with an error 
** message of the form:
**
**   "sub-select returns N columns - expected M"

  if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(pExpr)==0 ) return 1;
  if( pExpr->flags & EP_xIsSelect ){
    return pExpr->x.pSelect->pEList->nExpr;
  }
  return pExpr->x.pList->nExpr;
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*
** If the expression passed as the first argument is a TK_VECTOR, return
** a pointer to the i'th field of the vector. Or, if the first argument
** points to a sub-select that returns more than one column, return a 
** pointer to the i'th returned column value. Otherwise, return a copy 
** of the first argument.
*/
................................................................................
      return pVector->x.pSelect->pEList->a[i].pExpr;
    }else{
      return pVector->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
    }
  }
  return pVector;
}
#endif

/*
** If expression pExpr is of type TK_SELECT, generate code to evaluate
** it. Return the register in which the result is stored (or, if the 
** sub-select returns more than one column, the first in an array
** of registers in which the result is stored).
**
** If pExpr is not a TK_SELECT expression, return 0.
*/
static int exprCodeSubselect(Parse *pParse, Expr *pExpr){
  int reg = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  if( pExpr->op==TK_SELECT ){
    reg = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pExpr, 0, 0);
  }
#endif
  return reg;
}

/*
** Argument pVector points to a vector expression - either a TK_VECTOR
** or TK_SELECT that returns more than one column. This function returns
** the register number of a register that contains the value of
................................................................................
** address of the new instruction.
*/
int sqlite3CodeOnce(Parse *pParse){
  Vdbe *v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);      /* Virtual machine being coded */
  return sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Once, pParse->nOnce++);
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*
** Generate code that checks the left-most column of index table iCur to see if
** it contains any NULL entries.  Cause the register at regHasNull to be set
** to a non-NULL value if iCur contains no NULLs.  Cause register regHasNull
** to be set to NULL if iCur contains one or more NULL values.
*/
static void sqlite3SetHasNullFlag(Vdbe *v, int iCur, int regHasNull){
................................................................................
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Integer, 0, regHasNull);
  addr1 = sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Rewind, iCur); VdbeCoverage(v);
  sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Column, iCur, 0, regHasNull);
  sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
  VdbeComment((v, "first_entry_in(%d)", iCur));
  sqlite3VdbeJumpHere(v, addr1);
}
#endif


#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*
** The argument is an IN operator with a list (not a subquery) on the 
** right-hand side.  Return TRUE if that list is constant.
*/
................................................................................
    n = sqlite3ExprVectorSize(pX->pLeft);
    for(i=0; i<n; i++) aiMap[i] = i;
  }
  return eType;
}
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*
** Argument pExpr is an (?, ?...) IN(...) expression. This 
** function allocates and returns a nul-terminated string containing 
** the affinities to be used for each column of the comparison.
**
** It is the responsibility of the caller to ensure that the returned
** string is eventually freed using sqlite3DbFree().
................................................................................
        zRet[i] = a;
      }
    }
    zRet[nVal] = '\0';
  }
  return zRet;
}
#endif

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
/*
** Load the Parse object passed as the first argument with an error 
** message of the form:
**
**   "sub-select returns N columns - expected M"

void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr *, int, int);
int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
................................................................................
char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);

void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);







#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,u8,int,int*);
int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);

void sqlite3Reindex(Parse*, Token*, Token*);
void sqlite3AlterFunctions(void);
void sqlite3AlterRenameTable(Parse*, SrcList*, Token*);
int sqlite3GetToken(const unsigned char *, int *);
void sqlite3NestedParse(Parse*, const char*, ...);
void sqlite3ExpirePreparedStatements(sqlite3*);
int sqlite3CodeSubselect(Parse*, Expr *, int, int);

void sqlite3SelectPrep(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
void sqlite3SelectWrongNumTermsError(Parse *pParse, Select *p);
int sqlite3MatchSpanName(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*);
int sqlite3ResolveExprNames(NameContext*, Expr*);
int sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(NameContext*, ExprList*);
void sqlite3ResolveSelectNames(Parse*, Select*, NameContext*);
void sqlite3ResolveSelfReference(Parse*,Table*,int,Expr*,ExprList*);
................................................................................
char *sqlite3StrAccumFinish(StrAccum*);
void sqlite3StrAccumReset(StrAccum*);
void sqlite3SelectDestInit(SelectDest*,int,int);
Expr *sqlite3CreateColumnExpr(sqlite3 *, SrcList *, int, int);

void sqlite3BackupRestart(sqlite3_backup *);
void sqlite3BackupUpdate(sqlite3_backup *, Pgno, const u8 *);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
int sqlite3ExprCheckIN(Parse*, Expr*);
#else
# define sqlite3ExprCheckIN(x,y) SQLITE_OK
#endif

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
void sqlite3AnalyzeFunctions(void);
int sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(Parse*,Index*,UnpackedRecord**,Expr*,u8,int,int*);
int sqlite3Stat4ValueFromExpr(Parse*, Expr*, u8, sqlite3_value**);
void sqlite3Stat4ProbeFree(UnpackedRecord*);
int sqlite3Stat4Column(sqlite3*, const void*, int, int, sqlite3_value**);

  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int iReg;                  /* Register holding results */

  assert( pLevel->pWLoop->aLTerm[iEq]==pTerm );
  assert( iTarget>0 );
  if( pX->op==TK_EQ || pX->op==TK_IS ){
    Expr *pRight = pX->pRight;

    if( pRight->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN ){
      /* This case occurs for expressions like "(a, b) == (SELECT ...)". */
      WhereLoop *pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
      int i;
      Expr *pSub = pRight->pLeft;
      assert( pSub->op==TK_SELECT );
      for(i=pLoop->nSkip; i<iEq; i++){
................................................................................
          Expr *pExpr = pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr->pRight;
          if( pExpr && pExpr->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN && pExpr->pLeft==pSub ){
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, iReg+pExpr->iColumn, iTarget-iEq+i);
          }
        }
      }
      iReg = iTarget;
    }else{


      iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pRight, iTarget);
    }
  }else if( pX->op==TK_ISNULL ){
    iReg = iTarget;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iReg);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  }else{
................................................................................
** If the expression is not a vector, then nReg must be passed 1. In
** this case, generate code to evaluate the expression and leave the
** result in register iReg.
*/
static void codeExprOrVector(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int iReg, int nReg){
  assert( nReg>0 );
  if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(p) ){








    int i;
    if( (p->flags & EP_xIsSelect)==0 ){
      ExprList *pList = p->x.pList;
      assert( nReg<=pList->nExpr );
      for(i=0; i<nReg; i++){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr, iReg+i);
      }
    }else{
      Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
      int iSelect = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, p, 0, 0);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, iSelect, iReg, nReg-1);
    }
  }else{
    assert( nReg==1 );
    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, p, iReg);
  }
}

  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  int iReg;                  /* Register holding results */

  assert( pLevel->pWLoop->aLTerm[iEq]==pTerm );
  assert( iTarget>0 );
  if( pX->op==TK_EQ || pX->op==TK_IS ){
    Expr *pRight = pX->pRight;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    if( pRight->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN ){
      /* This case occurs for expressions like "(a, b) == (SELECT ...)". */
      WhereLoop *pLoop = pLevel->pWLoop;
      int i;
      Expr *pSub = pRight->pLeft;
      assert( pSub->op==TK_SELECT );
      for(i=pLoop->nSkip; i<iEq; i++){
................................................................................
          Expr *pExpr = pLoop->aLTerm[i]->pExpr->pRight;
          if( pExpr && pExpr->op==TK_SELECT_COLUMN && pExpr->pLeft==pSub ){
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Copy, iReg+pExpr->iColumn, iTarget-iEq+i);
          }
        }
      }
      iReg = iTarget;
    }else
#endif
    {
      iReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pRight, iTarget);
    }
  }else if( pX->op==TK_ISNULL ){
    iReg = iTarget;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Null, 0, iReg);
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
  }else{
................................................................................
** If the expression is not a vector, then nReg must be passed 1. In
** this case, generate code to evaluate the expression and leave the
** result in register iReg.
*/
static void codeExprOrVector(Parse *pParse, Expr *p, int iReg, int nReg){
  assert( nReg>0 );
  if( sqlite3ExprIsVector(p) ){
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
    if( (p->flags & EP_xIsSelect) ){
      Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
      int iSelect = sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, p, 0, 0);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Copy, iSelect, iReg, nReg-1);
    }else
#endif
    {
      int i;

      ExprList *pList = p->x.pList;
      assert( nReg<=pList->nExpr );
      for(i=0; i<nReg; i++){
        sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, pList->a[i].pExpr, iReg+i);
      }




    }
  }else{
    assert( nReg==1 );
    sqlite3ExprCode(pParse, p, iReg);
  }
}