if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "_ROWID_")==0 ) return 1;
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "ROWID")==0 ) return 1;
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "OID")==0 ) return 1;
  return 0;
}

/*
** Return true if we are able to the IN operator optimization on a
** query of the form
**
**       x IN (SELECT ...)
**
** Where the SELECT... clause is as specified by the parameter to this
** routine.
**
** The Select object passed in has already been preprocessed and no
** errors have been found.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
static int isCandidateForInOpt(Select *p){
  SrcList *pSrc;
  ExprList *pEList;
  Table *pTab;
  Expr *pRes;                            /* Result expression */
  if( p==0 ) return 0;                   /* right-hand side of IN is SELECT */
  if( p->pPrior ) return 0;              /* Not a compound SELECT */
  if( p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate) ){
    testcase( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct );
    testcase( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Aggregate );
    return 0; /* No DISTINCT keyword and no aggregate functions */
  }
  assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );              /* Has no GROUP BY clause */
................................................................................
  assert( p->pOffset==0 );               /* No LIMIT means no OFFSET */
  if( p->pWhere ) return 0;              /* Has no WHERE clause */
  pSrc = p->pSrc;
  assert( pSrc!=0 );
  if( pSrc->nSrc!=1 ) return 0;          /* Single term in FROM clause */
  if( pSrc->a[0].pSelect ) return 0;     /* FROM is not a subquery or view */
  pTab = pSrc->a[0].pTab;
  if( NEVER(pTab==0) ) return 0;
  assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );            /* FROM clause is not a view */
  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;        /* FROM clause not a virtual table */
  pEList = p->pEList;
  if( pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;       /* One column in the result set */
  pRes = pEList->a[0].pExpr;
  if( pRes->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return 0;    /* Result is a column */
  if( pRes->iTable!=pSrc->a[0].iCursor ) return 0;  /* Not a correlated subq */
  return 1;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

/*
** Code an OP_Once instruction and allocate space for its flag. Return the 
** address of the new instruction.
*/
................................................................................
  assert( pX->op==TK_IN );
  mustBeUnique = (inFlags & IN_INDEX_LOOP)!=0;

  /* Check to see if an existing table or index can be used to
  ** satisfy the query.  This is preferable to generating a new 
  ** ephemeral table.
  */
  p = (ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ? pX->x.pSelect : 0);
  if( pParse->nErr==0 && isCandidateForInOpt(p) ){
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;              /* Database connection */
    Table *pTab;                           /* Table <table>. */
    Expr *pExpr;                           /* Expression <column> */
    i16 iCol;                              /* Index of column <column> */
    i16 iDb;                               /* Database idx for pTab */

    assert( p );                        /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
    assert( p->pEList!=0 );             /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
    assert( p->pEList->a[0].pExpr!=0 ); /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
    assert( p->pSrc!=0 );               /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
    pTab = p->pSrc->a[0].pTab;
    pExpr = p->pEList->a[0].pExpr;
    iCol = (i16)pExpr->iColumn;
   

  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "_ROWID_")==0 ) return 1;
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "ROWID")==0 ) return 1;
  if( sqlite3StrICmp(z, "OID")==0 ) return 1;
  return 0;
}

/*
** pX is the RHS of an IN operator.  If pX is a SELECT statement 
** that can be simplified to a direct table access, then return
** a pointer to the SELECT statement.  If pX is not a SELECT statement,
** or if the SELECT statement needs to be manifested into a transient
** table, then return NULL.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
static Select *isCandidateForInOpt(Expr *pX){
  Select *p;
  SrcList *pSrc;
  ExprList *pEList;
  Expr *pRes;
  Table *pTab;
  if( !ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_xIsSelect) ) return 0;  /* Not a subquery */
  if( ExprHasProperty(pX, EP_VarSelect)  ) return 0;  /* Correlated subq */
  p = pX->x.pSelect;


  if( p->pPrior ) return 0;              /* Not a compound SELECT */
  if( p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate) ){
    testcase( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Distinct );
    testcase( (p->selFlags & (SF_Distinct|SF_Aggregate))==SF_Aggregate );
    return 0; /* No DISTINCT keyword and no aggregate functions */
  }
  assert( p->pGroupBy==0 );              /* Has no GROUP BY clause */
................................................................................
  assert( p->pOffset==0 );               /* No LIMIT means no OFFSET */
  if( p->pWhere ) return 0;              /* Has no WHERE clause */
  pSrc = p->pSrc;
  assert( pSrc!=0 );
  if( pSrc->nSrc!=1 ) return 0;          /* Single term in FROM clause */
  if( pSrc->a[0].pSelect ) return 0;     /* FROM is not a subquery or view */
  pTab = pSrc->a[0].pTab;
  assert( pTab!=0 );
  assert( pTab->pSelect==0 );            /* FROM clause is not a view */
  if( IsVirtual(pTab) ) return 0;        /* FROM clause not a virtual table */
  pEList = p->pEList;
  if( pEList->nExpr!=1 ) return 0;       /* One column in the result set */
  pRes = pEList->a[0].pExpr;
  if( pRes->op!=TK_COLUMN ) return 0;    /* Result is a column */
  assert( pRes->iTable==pSrc->a[0].iCursor );  /* Not a correlated subquery */
  return p;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

/*
** Code an OP_Once instruction and allocate space for its flag. Return the 
** address of the new instruction.
*/
................................................................................
  assert( pX->op==TK_IN );
  mustBeUnique = (inFlags & IN_INDEX_LOOP)!=0;

  /* Check to see if an existing table or index can be used to
  ** satisfy the query.  This is preferable to generating a new 
  ** ephemeral table.
  */

  if( pParse->nErr==0 && (p = isCandidateForInOpt(pX))!=0 ){
    sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;              /* Database connection */
    Table *pTab;                           /* Table <table>. */
    Expr *pExpr;                           /* Expression <column> */
    i16 iCol;                              /* Index of column <column> */
    i16 iDb;                               /* Database idx for pTab */


    assert( p->pEList!=0 );             /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
    assert( p->pEList->a[0].pExpr!=0 ); /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
    assert( p->pSrc!=0 );               /* Because of isCandidateForInOpt(p) */
    pTab = p->pSrc->a[0].pTab;
    pExpr = p->pEList->a[0].pExpr;
    iCol = (i16)pExpr->iColumn;