SQLite

  $(TOP)/ext/misc/closure.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/eval.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fileio.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fuzzer.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5_tcl.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/fts5/fts5_test_mi.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/ieee754.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/json1.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/nextchar.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/percentile.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/regexp.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/series.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/spellfix.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/totype.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/wholenumber.c

libtclsqlite3.la:	tclsqlite.lo libsqlite3.la
	$(LTLINK) -no-undefined -o $@ tclsqlite.lo \
		libsqlite3.la @TCL_STUB_LIB_SPEC@ $(TLIBS) \
		-rpath "$(TCLLIBDIR)" \
		-version-info "8:6:8" \
		-avoid-version

sqlite3$(TEXE):	$(TOP)/src/shell.c libsqlite3.la sqlite3.h $(TOP)/ext/misc/json1.c
	$(LTLINK) $(READLINE_FLAGS) -DSQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1 -o $@ \
		$(TOP)/src/shell.c $(TOP)/ext/misc/json1.c libsqlite3.la \
		$(LIBREADLINE) $(TLIBS) -rpath "$(libdir)"

sqldiff$(TEXE):	$(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c sqlite3.c sqlite3.h
	$(LTLINK) -o $@ $(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c sqlite3.c $(TLIBS)

fuzzershell$(TEXE):	$(TOP)/tool/fuzzershell.c sqlite3.c sqlite3.h
	$(LTLINK) -o $@ $(TOP)/tool/fuzzershell.c sqlite3.c $(TLIBS)

!ENDIF
!ENDIF

# These are additional compiler options used for the shell executable.
#
!IFNDEF SHELL_COMPILE_OPTS
!IF $(DYNAMIC_SHELL)!=0
SHELL_COMPILE_OPTS = -DSQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1 $(SHELL_CCONV_OPTS) -DSQLITE_API=__declspec(dllimport)
!ELSE
SHELL_COMPILE_OPTS = -DSQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1 $(SHELL_CCONV_OPTS)
!ENDIF
!ENDIF

# This is the core library that the shell executable should depend on.
#
!IFNDEF SHELL_CORE_DEP
!IF $(DYNAMIC_SHELL)!=0

  $(TOP)\ext\misc\eval.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\fileio.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\fuzzer.c \
  fts5.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts5\fts5_tcl.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\fts5\fts5_test_mi.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\ieee754.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\json1.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\nextchar.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\percentile.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\regexp.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\series.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\spellfix.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\totype.c \
  $(TOP)\ext\misc\wholenumber.c

libsqlite3.lib:	$(LIBOBJ)
	$(LTLIB) $(LTLIBOPTS) /OUT:$@ $(LIBOBJ) $(TLIBS)

libtclsqlite3.lib:	tclsqlite.lo libsqlite3.lib
	$(LTLIB) $(LTLIBOPTS) $(LTLIBPATHS) /OUT:$@ tclsqlite.lo libsqlite3.lib $(LIBTCL:tcl=tclstub) $(TLIBS)

sqlite3.exe:	$(TOP)\src\shell.c $(TOP)\ext\misc\json1.c $(SHELL_CORE_DEP) $(LIBRESOBJS) sqlite3.h
	$(LTLINK) $(SHELL_COMPILE_OPTS) $(READLINE_FLAGS) $(TOP)\src\shell.c $(TOP)\ext\misc\json1.c \
		/link /pdb:sqlite3sh.pdb $(LTLINKOPTS) $(SHELL_LINK_OPTS) $(LTLIBPATHS) $(LIBRESOBJS) $(LIBREADLINE) $(LTLIBS) $(TLIBS)

sqldiff.exe:	$(TOP)\tool\sqldiff.c sqlite3.c sqlite3.h
	$(LTLINK) $(NO_WARN) $(TOP)\tool\sqldiff.c sqlite3.c

fuzzershell.exe:	$(TOP)\tool\fuzzershell.c sqlite3.c sqlite3.h
	$(LTLINK) $(NO_WARN) $(TOP)\tool\fuzzershell.c sqlite3.c

/*
** 2015-08-12
**
** The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
** a legal notice, here is a blessing:
**
**    May you do good and not evil.
**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
******************************************************************************
**
** This SQLite extension implements JSON functions.  The interface is
** modeled after MySQL JSON functions:
**
**     https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/json.html
**
** For the time being, all JSON is stored as pure text.  (We might add
** a JSONB type in the future which stores a binary encoding of JSON in
** a BLOB, but there is no support for JSONB in the current implementation.
** This implementation parses JSON text at 250 MB/s, so it is hard to see
** how JSONB might improve on that.)
*/
#if !defined(_SQLITEINT_H_)
#include "sqlite3ext.h"
#endif
SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT1
#include <assert.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

#define UNUSED_PARAM(X)  (void)(X)

/* Unsigned integer types */
typedef sqlite3_uint64 u64;
typedef unsigned int u32;
typedef unsigned char u8;

/* Objects */
typedef struct JsonString JsonString;
typedef struct JsonNode JsonNode;
typedef struct JsonParse JsonParse;

/* An instance of this object represents a JSON string
** under construction.  Really, this is a generic string accumulator
** that can be and is used to create strings other than JSON.
*/
struct JsonString {
  sqlite3_context *pCtx;   /* Function context - put error messages here */
  char *zBuf;              /* Append JSON content here */
  u64 nAlloc;              /* Bytes of storage available in zBuf[] */
  u64 nUsed;               /* Bytes of zBuf[] currently used */
  u8 bStatic;              /* True if zBuf is static space */
  u8 bErr;                 /* True if an error has been encountered */
  char zSpace[100];        /* Initial static space */
};

/* JSON type values
*/
#define JSON_NULL     0
#define JSON_TRUE     1
#define JSON_FALSE    2
#define JSON_INT      3
#define JSON_REAL     4
#define JSON_STRING   5
#define JSON_ARRAY    6
#define JSON_OBJECT   7

/*
** Names of the various JSON types:
*/
static const char * const jsonType[] = {
  "null", "true", "false", "integer", "real", "text", "array", "object"
};

/* Bit values for the JsonNode.jnFlag field
*/
#define JNODE_RAW     0x01         /* Content is raw, not JSON encoded */
#define JNODE_ESCAPE  0x02         /* Content is text with \ escapes */
#define JNODE_REMOVE  0x04         /* Do not output */
#define JNODE_REPLACE 0x08         /* Replace with JsonNode.iVal */
#define JNODE_APPEND  0x10         /* More ARRAY/OBJECT entries at u.iAppend */
#define JNODE_JSON    0x20         /* Treat REPLACE as JSON text */


/* A single node of parsed JSON
*/
struct JsonNode {
  u8 eType;              /* One of the JSON_ type values */
  u8 jnFlags;            /* JNODE flags */
  u8 iVal;               /* Replacement value when JNODE_REPLACE */
  u32 n;                 /* Bytes of content, or number of sub-nodes */
  union {
    const char *zJContent; /* Content for INT, REAL, and STRING */
    u32 iAppend;           /* More terms for ARRAY and OBJECT */
    u32 iKey;              /* Key for ARRAY objects in json_tree() */
  } u;
};

/* A completely parsed JSON string
*/
struct JsonParse {
  u32 nNode;         /* Number of slots of aNode[] used */
  u32 nAlloc;        /* Number of slots of aNode[] allocated */
  JsonNode *aNode;   /* Array of nodes containing the parse */
  const char *zJson; /* Original JSON string */
  u32 *aUp;          /* Index of parent of each node */
  u8 oom;            /* Set to true if out of memory */
  u8 nErr;           /* Number of errors seen */
};

/**************************************************************************
** Utility routines for dealing with JsonString objects
**************************************************************************/

/* Set the JsonString object to an empty string
*/
static void jsonZero(JsonString *p){
  p->zBuf = p->zSpace;
  p->nAlloc = sizeof(p->zSpace);
  p->nUsed = 0;
  p->bStatic = 1;
}

/* Initialize the JsonString object
*/
static void jsonInit(JsonString *p, sqlite3_context *pCtx){
  p->pCtx = pCtx;
  p->bErr = 0;
  jsonZero(p);
}


/* Free all allocated memory and reset the JsonString object back to its
** initial state.
*/
static void jsonReset(JsonString *p){
  if( !p->bStatic ) sqlite3_free(p->zBuf);
  jsonZero(p);
}


/* Report an out-of-memory (OOM) condition 
*/
static void jsonOom(JsonString *p){
  if( !p->bErr ){
    p->bErr = 1;
    sqlite3_result_error_nomem(p->pCtx);
    jsonReset(p);
  }
}

/* Enlarge pJson->zBuf so that it can hold at least N more bytes.
** Return zero on success.  Return non-zero on an OOM error
*/
static int jsonGrow(JsonString *p, u32 N){
  u64 nTotal = N<p->nAlloc ? p->nAlloc*2 : p->nAlloc+N+10;
  char *zNew;
  if( p->bStatic ){
    if( p->bErr ) return 1;
    zNew = sqlite3_malloc64(nTotal);
    if( zNew==0 ){
      jsonOom(p);
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    memcpy(zNew, p->zBuf, (size_t)p->nUsed);
    p->zBuf = zNew;
    p->bStatic = 0;
  }else{
    zNew = sqlite3_realloc64(p->zBuf, nTotal);
    if( zNew==0 ){
      jsonOom(p);
      return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
    p->zBuf = zNew;
  }
  p->nAlloc = nTotal;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Append N bytes from zIn onto the end of the JsonString string.
*/
static void jsonAppendRaw(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
  if( (N+p->nUsed >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N)!=0 ) return;
  memcpy(p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zIn, N);
  p->nUsed += N;
}

/* Append formatted text (not to exceed N bytes) to the JsonString.
*/
static void jsonPrintf(int N, JsonString *p, const char *zFormat, ...){
  va_list ap;
  if( (p->nUsed + N >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p, N) ) return;
  va_start(ap, zFormat);
  sqlite3_vsnprintf(N, p->zBuf+p->nUsed, zFormat, ap);
  va_end(ap);
  p->nUsed += (int)strlen(p->zBuf+p->nUsed);
}

/* Append a single character
*/
static void jsonAppendChar(JsonString *p, char c){
  if( p->nUsed>=p->nAlloc && jsonGrow(p,1)!=0 ) return;
  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
}

/* Append a comma separator to the output buffer, if the previous
** character is not '[' or '{'.
*/
static void jsonAppendSeparator(JsonString *p){
  char c;
  if( p->nUsed==0 ) return;
  c = p->zBuf[p->nUsed-1];
  if( c!='[' && c!='{' ) jsonAppendChar(p, ',');
}

/* Append the N-byte string in zIn to the end of the JsonString string
** under construction.  Enclose the string in "..." and escape
** any double-quotes or backslash characters contained within the
** string.
*/
static void jsonAppendString(JsonString *p, const char *zIn, u32 N){
  u32 i;
  if( (N+p->nUsed+2 >= p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N+2)!=0 ) return;
  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '"';
  for(i=0; i<N; i++){
    char c = zIn[i];
    if( c=='"' || c=='\\' ){
      if( (p->nUsed+N+1-i > p->nAlloc) && jsonGrow(p,N+1-i)!=0 ) return;
      p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '\\';
    }
    p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = c;
  }
  p->zBuf[p->nUsed++] = '"';
}

/*
** Append a function parameter value to the JSON string under 
** construction.
*/
static void jsonAppendValue(
  JsonString *p,                 /* Append to this JSON string */
  sqlite3_value *pValue,         /* Value to append */
  u8 textIsJson                  /* Try to treat text values as JSON */
){
  switch( sqlite3_value_type(pValue) ){
    case SQLITE_NULL: {
      jsonAppendRaw(p, "null", 4);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_INTEGER:
    case SQLITE_FLOAT: {
      const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pValue);
      u32 n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
      jsonAppendRaw(p, z, n);
      break;
    }
    case SQLITE_TEXT: {
      const char *z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(pValue);
      u32 n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(pValue);
      if( textIsJson ){
        jsonAppendRaw(p, z, n);
      }else{
        jsonAppendString(p, z, n);
      }
      break;
    }
    default: {
      if( p->bErr==0 ){
        sqlite3_result_error(p->pCtx, "JSON cannot hold BLOB values", -1);
        p->bErr = 1;
        jsonReset(p);
      }
      break;
    }
  }
}


/* Make the JSON in p the result of the SQL function.
*/
static void jsonResult(JsonString *p){
  if( p->bErr==0 ){
    sqlite3_result_text64(p->pCtx, p->zBuf, p->nUsed, 
                          p->bStatic ? SQLITE_TRANSIENT : sqlite3_free,
                          SQLITE_UTF8);
    jsonZero(p);
  }
  assert( p->bStatic );
}

/**************************************************************************
** Utility routines for dealing with JsonNode and JsonParse objects
**************************************************************************/

/*
** Return the number of consecutive JsonNode slots need to represent
** the parsed JSON at pNode.  The minimum answer is 1.  For ARRAY and
** OBJECT types, the number might be larger.
**
** Appended elements are not counted.  The value returned is the number
** by which the JsonNode counter should increment in order to go to the
** next peer value.
*/
static u32 jsonNodeSize(JsonNode *pNode){
  return pNode->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ? pNode->n+1 : 1;
}

/*
** Reclaim all memory allocated by a JsonParse object.  But do not
** delete the JsonParse object itself.
*/
static void jsonParseReset(JsonParse *pParse){
  sqlite3_free(pParse->aNode);
  pParse->aNode = 0;
  pParse->nNode = 0;
  pParse->nAlloc = 0;
  sqlite3_free(pParse->aUp);
  pParse->aUp = 0;
}

/*
** Convert the JsonNode pNode into a pure JSON string and
** append to pOut.  Subsubstructure is also included.  Return
** the number of JsonNode objects that are encoded.
*/
static void jsonRenderNode(
  JsonNode *pNode,               /* The node to render */
  JsonString *pOut,              /* Write JSON here */
  sqlite3_value **aReplace       /* Replacement values */
){
  switch( pNode->eType ){
    case JSON_NULL: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "null", 4);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_TRUE: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "true", 4);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_FALSE: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, "false", 5);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_STRING: {
      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
        jsonAppendString(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
        break;
      }
      /* Fall through into the next case */
    }
    case JSON_REAL:
    case JSON_INT: {
      jsonAppendRaw(pOut, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_ARRAY: {
      u32 j = 1;
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '[');
      for(;;){
        while( j<=pNode->n ){
          if( pNode[j].jnFlags & (JNODE_REMOVE|JNODE_REPLACE) ){
            if( pNode[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
              jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
              jsonAppendValue(pOut, aReplace[pNode[j].iVal],
                              (pNode[j].jnFlags & JNODE_JSON)!=0);
            }
          }else{
            jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
            jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j], pOut, aReplace);
          }
          j += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[j]);
        }
        if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
        pNode = &pNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
        j = 1;
      }
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, ']');
      break;
    }
    case JSON_OBJECT: {
      u32 j = 1;
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '{');
      for(;;){
        while( j<=pNode->n ){
          if( (pNode[j+1].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ){
            jsonAppendSeparator(pOut);
            jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j], pOut, aReplace);
            jsonAppendChar(pOut, ':');
            if( pNode[j+1].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
              jsonAppendValue(pOut, aReplace[pNode[j+1].iVal],
                              (pNode[j+1].jnFlags & JNODE_JSON)!=0);
            }else{
              jsonRenderNode(&pNode[j+1], pOut, aReplace);
            }
          }
          j += 1 + jsonNodeSize(&pNode[j+1]);
        }
        if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
        pNode = &pNode[pNode->u.iAppend];
        j = 1;
      }
      jsonAppendChar(pOut, '}');
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Return a JsonNode and all its descendents as a JSON string.
*/
static void jsonReturnJson(
  JsonNode *pNode,            /* Node to return */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,      /* Return value for this function */
  sqlite3_value **aReplace    /* Array of replacement values */
){
  JsonString s;
  jsonInit(&s, pCtx);
  jsonRenderNode(pNode, &s, aReplace);
  jsonResult(&s);
}

/*
** Make the JsonNode the return value of the function.
*/
static void jsonReturn(
  JsonNode *pNode,            /* Node to return */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,      /* Return value for this function */
  sqlite3_value **aReplace    /* Array of replacement values */
){
  switch( pNode->eType ){
    case JSON_NULL: {
      sqlite3_result_null(pCtx);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_TRUE: {
      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 1);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_FALSE: {
      sqlite3_result_int(pCtx, 0);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_REAL: {
      double r = strtod(pNode->u.zJContent, 0);
      sqlite3_result_double(pCtx, r);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_INT: {
      sqlite3_int64 i = 0;
      const char *z = pNode->u.zJContent;
      if( z[0]=='-' ){ z++; }
      while( z[0]>='0' && z[0]<='9' ){ i = i*10 + *(z++) - '0'; }
      if( pNode->u.zJContent[0]=='-' ){ i = -i; }
      sqlite3_result_int64(pCtx, i);
      break;
    }
    case JSON_STRING: {
      if( pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_RAW ){
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent, pNode->n,
                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      }else if( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_ESCAPE)==0 ){
        /* JSON formatted without any backslash-escapes */
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, pNode->u.zJContent+1, pNode->n-2,
                            SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      }else{
        /* Translate JSON formatted string into raw text */
        u32 i;
        u32 n = pNode->n;
        const char *z = pNode->u.zJContent;
        char *zOut;
        u32 j;
        zOut = sqlite3_malloc( n+1 );
        if( zOut==0 ){
          sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
          break;
        }
        for(i=1, j=0; i<n-1; i++){
          char c = z[i];
          if( c!='\\' ){
            zOut[j++] = c;
          }else{
            c = z[++i];
            if( c=='u' ){
              u32 v = 0, k;
              for(k=0; k<4 && i<n-2; i++, k++){
                c = z[i+1];
                if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) v = v*16 + c - '0';
                else if( c>='A' && c<='F' ) v = v*16 + c - 'A' + 10;
                else if( c>='a' && c<='f' ) v = v*16 + c - 'a' + 10;
                else break;
              }
              if( v==0 ) break;
              if( v<=0x7f ){
                zOut[j++] = v;
              }else if( v<=0x7ff ){
                zOut[j++] = 0xc0 | (v>>6);
                zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
              }else{
                zOut[j++] = 0xe0 | (v>>12);
                zOut[j++] = 0x80 | ((v>>6)&0x3f);
                zOut[j++] = 0x80 | (v&0x3f);
              }
            }else{
              if( c=='b' ){
                c = '\b';
              }else if( c=='f' ){
                c = '\f';
              }else if( c=='n' ){
                c = '\n';
              }else if( c=='r' ){
                c = '\r';
              }else if( c=='t' ){
                c = '\t';
              }
              zOut[j++] = c;
            }
          }
        }
        zOut[j] = 0;
        sqlite3_result_text(pCtx, zOut, j, sqlite3_free);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JSON_ARRAY:
    case JSON_OBJECT: {
      jsonReturnJson(pNode, pCtx, aReplace);
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Create a new JsonNode instance based on the arguments and append that
** instance to the JsonParse.  Return the index in pParse->aNode[] of the
** new node, or -1 if a memory allocation fails.
*/
static int jsonParseAddNode(
  JsonParse *pParse,        /* Append the node to this object */
  u32 eType,                /* Node type */
  u32 n,                    /* Content size or sub-node count */
  const char *zContent      /* Content */
){
  JsonNode *p;
  if( pParse->nNode>=pParse->nAlloc ){
    u32 nNew;
    JsonNode *pNew;
    if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
    nNew = pParse->nAlloc*2 + 10;
    if( nNew<=pParse->nNode ){
      pParse->oom = 1;
      return -1;
    }
    pNew = sqlite3_realloc(pParse->aNode, sizeof(JsonNode)*nNew);
    if( pNew==0 ){
      pParse->oom = 1;
      return -1;
    }
    pParse->nAlloc = nNew;
    pParse->aNode = pNew;
  }
  p = &pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode];
  p->eType = (u8)eType;
  p->jnFlags = 0;
  p->iVal = 0;
  p->n = n;
  p->u.zJContent = zContent;
  return pParse->nNode++;
}

/*
** Parse a single JSON value which begins at pParse->zJson[i].  Return the
** index of the first character past the end of the value parsed.
**
** Return negative for a syntax error.  Special cases:  return -2 if the
** first non-whitespace character is '}' and return -3 if the first
** non-whitespace character is ']'.
*/
static int jsonParseValue(JsonParse *pParse, u32 i){
  char c;
  u32 j;
  int iThis;
  int x;
  while( isspace(pParse->zJson[i]) ){ i++; }
  if( (c = pParse->zJson[i])==0 ) return 0;
  if( c=='{' ){
    /* Parse object */
    iThis = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 0, 0);
    if( iThis<0 ) return -1;
    for(j=i+1;;j++){
      while( isspace(pParse->zJson[j]) ){ j++; }
      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
      if( x<0 ){
        if( x==(-2) && pParse->nNode==(u32)iThis+1 ) return j+1;
        return -1;
      }
      if( pParse->oom ) return -1;
      if( pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode-1].eType!=JSON_STRING ) return -1;
      j = x;
      while( isspace(pParse->zJson[j]) ){ j++; }
      if( pParse->zJson[j]!=':' ) return -1;
      j++;
      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
      if( x<0 ) return -1;
      j = x;
      while( isspace(pParse->zJson[j]) ){ j++; }
      c = pParse->zJson[j];
      if( c==',' ) continue;
      if( c!='}' ) return -1;
      break;
    }
    pParse->aNode[iThis].n = pParse->nNode - (u32)iThis - 1;
    return j+1;
  }else if( c=='[' ){
    /* Parse array */
    iThis = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 0, 0);
    if( iThis<0 ) return -1;
    for(j=i+1;;j++){
      while( isspace(pParse->zJson[j]) ){ j++; }
      x = jsonParseValue(pParse, j);
      if( x<0 ){
        if( x==(-3) && pParse->nNode==(u32)iThis+1 ) return j+1;
        return -1;
      }
      j = x;
      while( isspace(pParse->zJson[j]) ){ j++; }
      c = pParse->zJson[j];
      if( c==',' ) continue;
      if( c!=']' ) return -1;
      break;
    }
    pParse->aNode[iThis].n = pParse->nNode - (u32)iThis - 1;
    return j+1;
  }else if( c=='"' ){
    /* Parse string */
    u8 jnFlags = 0;
    j = i+1;
    for(;;){
      c = pParse->zJson[j];
      if( c==0 ) return -1;
      if( c=='\\' ){
        c = pParse->zJson[++j];
        if( c==0 ) return -1;
        jnFlags = JNODE_ESCAPE;
      }else if( c=='"' ){
        break;
      }
      j++;
    }
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, j+1-i, &pParse->zJson[i]);
    if( !pParse->oom ) pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode-1].jnFlags = jnFlags;
    return j+1;
  }else if( c=='n'
         && strncmp(pParse->zJson+i,"null",4)==0
         && !isalnum(pParse->zJson[i+4]) ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_NULL, 0, 0);
    return i+4;
  }else if( c=='t'
         && strncmp(pParse->zJson+i,"true",4)==0
         && !isalnum(pParse->zJson[i+4]) ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_TRUE, 0, 0);
    return i+4;
  }else if( c=='f'
         && strncmp(pParse->zJson+i,"false",5)==0
         && !isalnum(pParse->zJson[i+5]) ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_FALSE, 0, 0);
    return i+5;
  }else if( c=='-' || (c>='0' && c<='9') ){
    /* Parse number */
    u8 seenDP = 0;
    u8 seenE = 0;
    j = i+1;
    for(;; j++){
      c = pParse->zJson[j];
      if( c>='0' && c<='9' ) continue;
      if( c=='.' ){
        if( pParse->zJson[j-1]=='-' ) return -1;
        if( seenDP ) return -1;
        seenDP = 1;
        continue;
      }
      if( c=='e' || c=='E' ){
        if( pParse->zJson[j-1]<'0' ) return -1;
        if( seenE ) return -1;
        seenDP = seenE = 1;
        c = pParse->zJson[j+1];
        if( c=='+' || c=='-' ){
          j++;
          c = pParse->zJson[j+1];
        }
        if( c<'0' || c>'9' ) return -1;
        continue;
      }
      break;
    }
    if( pParse->zJson[j-1]<'0' ) return -1;
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, seenDP ? JSON_REAL : JSON_INT,
                        j - i, &pParse->zJson[i]);
    return j;
  }else if( c=='}' ){
    return -2;  /* End of {...} */
  }else if( c==']' ){
    return -3;  /* End of [...] */
  }else{
    return -1;  /* Syntax error */
  }
}

/*
** Parse a complete JSON string.  Return 0 on success or non-zero if there
** are any errors.  If an error occurs, free all memory associated with
** pParse.
**
** pParse is uninitialized when this routine is called.
*/
static int jsonParse(
  JsonParse *pParse,           /* Initialize and fill this JsonParse object */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,       /* Report errors here */
  const char *zJson            /* Input JSON text to be parsed */
){
  int i;
  memset(pParse, 0, sizeof(*pParse));
  if( zJson==0 ) return 1;
  pParse->zJson = zJson;
  i = jsonParseValue(pParse, 0);
  if( pParse->oom ) i = -1;
  if( i>0 ){
    while( isspace(zJson[i]) ) i++;
    if( zJson[i] ) i = -1;
  }
  if( i<=0 ){
    if( pCtx!=0 ){
      if( pParse->oom ){
        sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
      }else{
        sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, "malformed JSON", -1);
      }
    }
    jsonParseReset(pParse);
    return 1;
  }
  return 0;
}

/* Mark node i of pParse as being a child of iParent.  Call recursively
** to fill in all the descendants of node i.
*/
static void jsonParseFillInParentage(JsonParse *pParse, u32 i, u32 iParent){
  JsonNode *pNode = &pParse->aNode[i];
  u32 j;
  pParse->aUp[i] = iParent;
  switch( pNode->eType ){
    case JSON_ARRAY: {
      for(j=1; j<=pNode->n; j += jsonNodeSize(pNode+j)){
        jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, i+j, i);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JSON_OBJECT: {
      for(j=1; j<=pNode->n; j += jsonNodeSize(pNode+j+1)+1){
        pParse->aUp[i+j] = i;
        jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, i+j+1, i);
      }
      break;
    }
    default: {
      break;
    }
  }
}

/*
** Compute the parentage of all nodes in a completed parse.
*/
static int jsonParseFindParents(JsonParse *pParse){
  u32 *aUp;
  assert( pParse->aUp==0 );
  aUp = pParse->aUp = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(u32)*pParse->nNode );
  if( aUp==0 ){
    pParse->oom = 1;
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }
  jsonParseFillInParentage(pParse, 0, 0);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* forward declaration */
static JsonNode *jsonLookupAppend(JsonParse*,const char*,int*,const char**);

/*
** Search along zPath to find the node specified.  Return a pointer
** to that node, or NULL if zPath is malformed or if there is no such
** node.
**
** If pApnd!=0, then try to append new nodes to complete zPath if it is
** possible to do so and if no existing node corresponds to zPath.  If
** new nodes are appended *pApnd is set to 1.
*/
static JsonNode *jsonLookupStep(
  JsonParse *pParse,      /* The JSON to search */
  u32 iRoot,              /* Begin the search at this node */
  const char *zPath,      /* The path to search */
  int *pApnd,             /* Append nodes to complete path if not NULL */
  const char **pzErr      /* Make *pzErr point to any syntax error in zPath */
){
  u32 i, j, nKey;
  const char *zKey;
  JsonNode *pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
  if( zPath[0]==0 ) return pRoot;
  if( zPath[0]=='.' ){
    if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_OBJECT ) return 0;
    zPath++;
    if( zPath[0]=='"' ){
      zKey = zPath + 1;
      for(i=1; zPath[i] && zPath[i]!='"'; i++){}
      nKey = i-1;
      if( zPath[i] ) i++;
    }else{
      zKey = zPath;
      for(i=0; zPath[i] && zPath[i]!='.' && zPath[i]!='['; i++){}
      nKey = i;
    }
    if( nKey==0 ){
      *pzErr = zPath;
      return 0;
    }
    j = 1;
    for(;;){
      while( j<=pRoot->n ){
        if( pRoot[j].n==nKey+2
         && strncmp(&pRoot[j].u.zJContent[1],zKey,nKey)==0
        ){
          return jsonLookupStep(pParse, iRoot+j+1, &zPath[i], pApnd, pzErr);
        }
        j++;
        j += jsonNodeSize(&pRoot[j]);
      }
      if( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
      iRoot += pRoot->u.iAppend;
      pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
      j = 1;
    }
    if( pApnd ){
      u32 iStart, iLabel;
      JsonNode *pNode;
      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 2, 0);
      iLabel = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_STRING, i, zPath);
      zPath += i;
      pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
      if( pNode ){
        pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
        pRoot->u.iAppend = iStart - iRoot;
        pRoot->jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
        pParse->aNode[iLabel].jnFlags |= JNODE_RAW;
      }
      return pNode;
    }
  }else if( zPath[0]=='[' && isdigit(zPath[1]) ){
    if( pRoot->eType!=JSON_ARRAY ) return 0;
    i = 0;
    zPath++;
    while( isdigit(zPath[0]) ){
      i = i*10 + zPath[0] - '0';
      zPath++;
    }
    if( zPath[0]!=']' ){
      *pzErr = zPath;
      return 0;
    }
    zPath++;
    j = 1;
    for(;;){
      while( j<=pRoot->n && (i>0 || (pRoot[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)!=0) ){
        if( (pRoot[j].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ) i--;
        j += jsonNodeSize(&pRoot[j]);
      }
      if( (pRoot->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 ) break;
      iRoot += pRoot->u.iAppend;
      pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
      j = 1;
    }
    if( j<=pRoot->n ){
      return jsonLookupStep(pParse, iRoot+j, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
    }
    if( i==0 && pApnd ){
      u32 iStart;
      JsonNode *pNode;
      iStart = jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 1, 0);
      pNode = jsonLookupAppend(pParse, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
      if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
      if( pNode ){
        pRoot = &pParse->aNode[iRoot];
        pRoot->u.iAppend = iStart - iRoot;
        pRoot->jnFlags |= JNODE_APPEND;
      }
      return pNode;
    }
  }else if( zPath[0]!=0 ){
    *pzErr = zPath;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Append content to pParse that will complete zPath.  Return a pointer
** to the inserted node, or return NULL if the append fails.
*/
static JsonNode *jsonLookupAppend(
  JsonParse *pParse,     /* Append content to the JSON parse */
  const char *zPath,     /* Description of content to append */
  int *pApnd,            /* Set this flag to 1 */
  const char **pzErr     /* Make this point to any syntax error */
){
  *pApnd = 1;
  if( zPath[0]==0 ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_NULL, 0, 0);
    return pParse->oom ? 0 : &pParse->aNode[pParse->nNode-1];
  }
  if( zPath[0]=='.' ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_OBJECT, 0, 0);
  }else if( strncmp(zPath,"[0]",3)==0 ){
    jsonParseAddNode(pParse, JSON_ARRAY, 0, 0);
  }else{
    return 0;
  }
  if( pParse->oom ) return 0;
  return jsonLookupStep(pParse, pParse->nNode-1, zPath, pApnd, pzErr);
}

/*
** Return the text of a syntax error message on a JSON path.  Space is
** obtained from sqlite3_malloc().
*/
static char *jsonPathSyntaxError(const char *zErr){
  return sqlite3_mprintf("JSON path error near '%q'", zErr);
}

/*
** Do a node lookup using zPath.  Return a pointer to the node on success.
** Return NULL if not found or if there is an error.
**
** On an error, write an error message into pCtx and increment the
** pParse->nErr counter.
**
** If pApnd!=NULL then try to append missing nodes and set *pApnd = 1 if
** nodes are appended.
**
** If the path starts with $$ then set *pFlags to JNODE_REPLACE|JNODE_JSON
** as a single to the caller that the input text to be inserted should be 
** interpreted as JSON rather than as ordinary text.
*/
static JsonNode *jsonLookup(
  JsonParse *pParse,      /* The JSON to search */
  const char *zPath,      /* The path to search */
  int *pApnd,             /* Append nodes to complete path if not NULL */
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,  /* Report errors here, if not NULL */
  u8 *pFlags              /* Write JNODE_REPLACE or _REPLACE|_JSON here */
){
  const char *zErr = 0;
  JsonNode *pNode = 0;
  u8 fg = JNODE_REPLACE;

  if( zPath==0 ) return 0;
  if( zPath[0]!='$' ){
    zErr = zPath;
    goto lookup_err;
  }
  zPath++;
  if( zPath[0]=='$' ){
    if( pFlags==0 ){
      zErr = zPath;
      goto lookup_err;
    }
    zPath++;
    fg = JNODE_REPLACE|JNODE_JSON;
  }
  if( pFlags ) *pFlags = fg;
  pNode = jsonLookupStep(pParse, 0, zPath, pApnd, &zErr);
  return pNode;

lookup_err:
  pParse->nErr++;
  if( zErr!=0 && pCtx!=0 ){
    char *z = jsonPathSyntaxError(zErr);
    if( z ){
      sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, z, -1);
      sqlite3_free(z);
    }else{
      sqlite3_result_error_nomem(pCtx);
    }
  }
  if( pFlags ) *pFlags = fg;
  return 0;
}


/*
** Report the wrong number of arguments for json_insert(), json_replace()
** or json_set().
*/
static void jsonWrongNumArgs(
  sqlite3_context *pCtx,
  const char *zFuncName
){
  char *zMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("json_%s() needs an odd number of arguments",
                               zFuncName);
  sqlite3_result_error(pCtx, zMsg, -1);
  sqlite3_free(zMsg);     
}


/****************************************************************************
** SQL functions used for testing and debugging
****************************************************************************/

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** The json_parse(JSON) function returns a string which describes
** a parse of the JSON provided.  Or it returns NULL if JSON is not
** well-formed.
*/
static void jsonParseFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonString s;       /* Output string - not real JSON */
  JsonParse x;        /* The parse */
  u32 i;

  assert( argc==1 );
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  jsonParseFindParents(&x);
  jsonInit(&s, ctx);
  for(i=0; i<x.nNode; i++){
    jsonPrintf(100, &s,"node %3u: %7s n=%-4d up=%d\n",
               i, jsonType[x.aNode[i].eType], x.aNode[i].n, x.aUp[i]);
    if( x.aNode[i].u.zJContent!=0 ){
      jsonAppendRaw(&s, "    text: ", 10);
      jsonAppendRaw(&s, x.aNode[i].u.zJContent, x.aNode[i].n);
      jsonAppendRaw(&s, "\n", 1);
    }
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
  jsonResult(&s);
}

/*
** The json_test1(JSON) function parses and rebuilds the JSON string.
*/
static void jsonTest1Func(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;  /* The parse */
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  jsonReturnJson(x.aNode, ctx, 0);
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** The json_nodecount(JSON) function returns the number of nodes in the
** input JSON string.
*/
static void jsonNodeCountFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;  /* The parse */
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)x.nNode);
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}
#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

/****************************************************************************
** SQL function implementations
****************************************************************************/

/*
** Implementation of the json_array(VALUE,...) function.  Return a JSON
** array that contains all values given in arguments.  Or if any argument
** is a BLOB, throw an error.
*/
static void jsonArrayFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  int i;
  JsonString jx;

  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, '[');
  for(i=0; i<argc; i++){
    jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
    jsonAppendValue(&jx, argv[i], 0);
  }
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, ']');
  jsonResult(&jx);
}


/*
** json_array_length(JSON)
** json_array_length(JSON, PATH)
**
** Return the number of elements in the top-level JSON array.  
** Return 0 if the input is not a well-formed JSON array.
*/
static void jsonArrayLengthFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  sqlite3_int64 n = 0;
  u32 i;

  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( x.nNode ){
    JsonNode *pNode;
    if( argc==2 ){
      const char *zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
      pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, 0, ctx, 0);
    }else{
      pNode = x.aNode;
    }
    if( pNode==0 ){
      x.nErr = 1;
    }else if( pNode->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
      assert( (pNode->jnFlags & JNODE_APPEND)==0 );
      for(i=1; i<=pNode->n; n++){
        i += jsonNodeSize(&pNode[i]);
      }
    }
  }
  if( x.nErr==0 ) sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, n);
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_extract(JSON, PATH, ...)
**
** Return the element described by PATH.  Return NULL if there is no
** PATH element.  If there are multiple PATHs, then return a JSON array
** with the result from each path.  Throw an error if the JSON or any PATH
** is malformed.
*/
static void jsonExtractFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  JsonString jx;
  int i;

  if( argc<2 ) return;
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, '[');
  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, 0, ctx, 0);
    if( x.nErr ) break;
    if( argc>2 ){
      jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
      if( pNode ){
        jsonRenderNode(pNode, &jx, 0);
      }else{
        jsonAppendRaw(&jx, "null", 4);
      }
    }else if( pNode ){
      jsonReturn(pNode, ctx, 0);
    }
  }
  if( argc>2 && i==argc ){
    jsonAppendChar(&jx, ']');
    jsonResult(&jx);
  }
  jsonReset(&jx);
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** Implementation of the json_object(NAME,VALUE,...) function.  Return a JSON
** object that contains all name/value given in arguments.  Or if any name
** is not a string or if any value is a BLOB, throw an error.
*/
static void jsonObjectFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  int i;
  JsonString jx;
  const char *z;
  u32 n;

  if( argc&1 ){
    sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "json_object() requires an even number "
                                  "of arguments", -1);
    return;
  }
  jsonInit(&jx, ctx);
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, '{');
  for(i=0; i<argc; i+=2){
    if( sqlite3_value_type(argv[i])!=SQLITE_TEXT ){
      sqlite3_result_error(ctx, "json_object() labels must be TEXT", -1);
      jsonZero(&jx);
      return;
    }
    jsonAppendSeparator(&jx);
    z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
    n = (u32)sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[i]);
    jsonAppendString(&jx, z, n);
    jsonAppendChar(&jx, ':');
    jsonAppendValue(&jx, argv[i+1], 0);
  }
  jsonAppendChar(&jx, '}');
  jsonResult(&jx);
}


/*
** json_remove(JSON, PATH, ...)
**
** Remove the named elements from JSON and return the result.  malformed
** JSON or PATH arguments result in an error.
*/
static void jsonRemoveFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  u32 i;

  if( argc<1 ) return;
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( x.nNode ){
    for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i++){
      zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
      if( zPath==0 ) goto remove_done;
      pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, 0, ctx, 0);
      if( x.nErr ) goto remove_done;
      if( pNode ) pNode->jnFlags |= JNODE_REMOVE;
    }
    if( (x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REMOVE)==0 ){
      jsonReturnJson(x.aNode, ctx, 0);
    }
  }
remove_done:
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_replace(JSON, PATH, VALUE, ...)
**
** Replace the value at PATH with VALUE.  If PATH does not already exist,
** this routine is a no-op.  If JSON or PATH is malformed, throw an error.
*/
static void jsonReplaceFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  u32 i;

  if( argc<1 ) return;
  if( (argc&1)==0 ) {
    jsonWrongNumArgs(ctx, "replace");
    return;
  }
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( x.nNode ){
    for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i+=2){
      u8 jnFlags = JNODE_REPLACE;
      zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
      pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, 0, ctx, &jnFlags);
      if( x.nErr ) goto replace_err;
      if( pNode ){
        pNode->jnFlags &= ~JNODE_JSON;
        pNode->jnFlags |= jnFlags;
        pNode->iVal = i+1;
      }
    }
    if( x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
      sqlite3_result_value(ctx, argv[x.aNode[0].iVal]);
    }else{
      jsonReturnJson(x.aNode, ctx, argv);
    }
  }
replace_err:
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_set(JSON, PATH, VALUE, ...)
**
** Set the value at PATH to VALUE.  Create the PATH if it does not already
** exist.  Overwrite existing values that do exist.
** If JSON or PATH is malformed, throw an error.
**
** json_insert(JSON, PATH, VALUE, ...)
**
** Create PATH and initialize it to VALUE.  If PATH already exists, this
** routine is a no-op.  If JSON or PATH is malformed, throw an error.
*/
static void jsonSetFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  JsonNode *pNode;
  const char *zPath;
  u32 i;
  int bApnd;
  int bIsSet = *(int*)sqlite3_user_data(ctx);

  if( argc<1 ) return;
  if( (argc&1)==0 ) {
    jsonWrongNumArgs(ctx, bIsSet ? "set" : "insert");
    return;
  }
  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( x.nNode ){
    for(i=1; i<(u32)argc; i+=2){
      u8 jnFlags = JNODE_REPLACE;
      zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[i]);
      bApnd = 0;
      pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, &bApnd, ctx, &jnFlags);
      if( x.oom ){
        sqlite3_result_error_nomem(ctx);
        goto jsonSetDone;
      }else if( x.nErr ){
        goto jsonSetDone;
      }else if( pNode && (bApnd || bIsSet) ){
        pNode->jnFlags &= ~JNODE_JSON;
        pNode->jnFlags |= jnFlags;
        pNode->iVal = i+1;
      }
    }
    if( x.aNode[0].jnFlags & JNODE_REPLACE ){
      sqlite3_result_value(ctx, argv[x.aNode[0].iVal]);
    }else{
      jsonReturnJson(x.aNode, ctx, argv);
    }
  }
jsonSetDone:
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_type(JSON)
** json_type(JSON, PATH)
**
** Return the top-level "type" of a JSON string.  Throw an error if
** either the JSON or PATH inputs are not well-formed.
*/
static void jsonTypeFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  const char *zPath;

  if( jsonParse(&x, ctx, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0])) ) return;
  if( x.nNode ){
    JsonNode *pNode;
    if( argc==2 ){
      zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
      pNode = jsonLookup(&x, zPath, 0, ctx, 0);
    }else{
      pNode = x.aNode;
    }
    if( pNode ){
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, jsonType[pNode->eType], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
    }
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
}

/*
** json_valid(JSON)
**
** Return 1 if JSON is a well-formed JSON string according to RFC-7159.
** Return 0 otherwise.
*/
static void jsonValidFunc(
  sqlite3_context *ctx,
  int argc,
  sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonParse x;          /* The parse */
  int rc = 0;

  if( jsonParse(&x, 0, (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]))==0 
   && x.nNode>0
  ){
    rc = 1;
  }
  jsonParseReset(&x);
  sqlite3_result_int(ctx, rc);
}

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
/****************************************************************************
** The json_each virtual table
****************************************************************************/
typedef struct JsonEachCursor JsonEachCursor;
struct JsonEachCursor {
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor base;  /* Base class - must be first */
  u32 iRowid;                /* The rowid */
  u32 i;                     /* Index in sParse.aNode[] of current row */
  u32 iEnd;                  /* EOF when i equals or exceeds this value */
  u8 eType;                  /* Type of top-level element */
  u8 bRecursive;             /* True for json_tree().  False for json_each() */
  char *zJson;               /* Input JSON */
  char *zPath;               /* Path by which to filter zJson */
  JsonParse sParse;          /* Parse of the input JSON */
};

/* Constructor for the json_each virtual table */
static int jsonEachConnect(
  sqlite3 *db,
  void *pAux,
  int argc, const char *const*argv,
  sqlite3_vtab **ppVtab,
  char **pzErr
){
  sqlite3_vtab *pNew;
  int rc;

/* Column numbers */
#define JEACH_KEY     0
#define JEACH_VALUE   1
#define JEACH_TYPE    2
#define JEACH_ATOM    3
#define JEACH_ID      4
#define JEACH_PARENT  5
#define JEACH_FULLKEY 6
#define JEACH_JSON    7
#define JEACH_PATH    8

  UNUSED_PARAM(pzErr);
  UNUSED_PARAM(argv);
  UNUSED_PARAM(argc);
  UNUSED_PARAM(pAux);
  rc = sqlite3_declare_vtab(db, 
     "CREATE TABLE x(key,value,type,atom,id,parent,fullkey,"
                    "json HIDDEN,path HIDDEN)");
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    pNew = *ppVtab = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pNew) );
    if( pNew==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
    memset(pNew, 0, sizeof(*pNew));
  }
  return rc;
}

/* destructor for json_each virtual table */
static int jsonEachDisconnect(sqlite3_vtab *pVtab){
  sqlite3_free(pVtab);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* constructor for a JsonEachCursor object for json_each(). */
static int jsonEachOpenEach(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
  JsonEachCursor *pCur;

  UNUSED_PARAM(p);
  pCur = sqlite3_malloc( sizeof(*pCur) );
  if( pCur==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  memset(pCur, 0, sizeof(*pCur));
  *ppCursor = &pCur->base;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* constructor for a JsonEachCursor object for json_tree(). */
static int jsonEachOpenTree(sqlite3_vtab *p, sqlite3_vtab_cursor **ppCursor){
  int rc = jsonEachOpenEach(p, ppCursor);
  if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    JsonEachCursor *pCur = (JsonEachCursor*)*ppCursor;
    pCur->bRecursive = 1;
  }
  return rc;
}

/* Reset a JsonEachCursor back to its original state.  Free any memory
** held. */
static void jsonEachCursorReset(JsonEachCursor *p){
  sqlite3_free(p->zJson);
  sqlite3_free(p->zPath);
  jsonParseReset(&p->sParse);
  p->iRowid = 0;
  p->i = 0;
  p->iEnd = 0;
  p->eType = 0;
  p->zJson = 0;
  p->zPath = 0;
}

/* Destructor for a jsonEachCursor object */
static int jsonEachClose(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  jsonEachCursorReset(p);
  sqlite3_free(cur);
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Return TRUE if the jsonEachCursor object has been advanced off the end
** of the JSON object */
static int jsonEachEof(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  return p->i >= p->iEnd;
}

/* Advance the cursor to the next element for json_tree() */
static int jsonEachNext(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  if( p->bRecursive ){
    if( p->i==0 ){
      p->i = 1;
    }else{
      u32 iUp = p->sParse.aUp[p->i];
      JsonNode *pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
      p->i++;
      if( pUp->eType==JSON_OBJECT && (pUp->n + iUp >= p->i) ) p->i++;
    }
    p->iRowid++;
    if( p->i<p->sParse.nNode ){
      u32 iUp = p->sParse.aUp[p->i];
      JsonNode *pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
      p->eType = pUp->eType;
      if( pUp->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
        if( iUp==p->i-1 ){
          pUp->u.iKey = 0;
        }else{
          pUp->u.iKey++;
        }
      }
    }
  }else{
    switch( p->eType ){
      case JSON_ARRAY: {
        p->i += jsonNodeSize(&p->sParse.aNode[p->i]);
        p->iRowid++;
        break;
      }
      case JSON_OBJECT: {
        p->i += 1 + jsonNodeSize(&p->sParse.aNode[p->i+1]);
        p->iRowid++;
        break;
      }
      default: {
        p->i = p->iEnd;
        break;
      }
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Append the name of the path for element i to pStr
*/
static void jsonEachComputePath(
  JsonEachCursor *p,       /* The cursor */
  JsonString *pStr,        /* Write the path here */
  u32 i                    /* Path to this element */
){
  JsonNode *pNode, *pUp;
  u32 iUp;
  if( i==0 ){
    jsonAppendChar(pStr, '$');
    return;
  }
  iUp = p->sParse.aUp[i];
  jsonEachComputePath(p, pStr, iUp);
  pNode = &p->sParse.aNode[i];
  pUp = &p->sParse.aNode[iUp];
  if( pUp->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
    jsonPrintf(30, pStr, "[%d]", pUp->u.iKey);
  }else{
    assert( pUp->eType==JSON_OBJECT );
    if( pNode->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ) pNode--;
    assert( pNode->eType==JSON_STRING );
    jsonPrintf(pNode->n+1, pStr, ".%.*s", pNode->n-2, pNode->u.zJContent+1);
  }
}

/* Return the value of a column */
static int jsonEachColumn(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,   /* The cursor */
  sqlite3_context *ctx,       /* First argument to sqlite3_result_...() */
  int i                       /* Which column to return */
){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  JsonNode *pThis = &p->sParse.aNode[p->i];
  switch( i ){
    case JEACH_KEY: {
      if( p->i==0 ) break;
      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT ){
        jsonReturn(pThis, ctx, 0);
      }else if( p->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
        u32 iKey;
        if( p->bRecursive ){
          if( p->iRowid==0 ) break;
          iKey = p->sParse.aNode[p->sParse.aUp[p->i]].u.iKey;
        }else{
          iKey = p->iRowid;
        }
        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)iKey);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_VALUE: {
      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT && p->i>0 ) pThis++;
      jsonReturn(pThis, ctx, 0);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_TYPE: {
      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT && p->i>0 ) pThis++;
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, jsonType[pThis->eType], -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_ATOM: {
      if( p->eType==JSON_OBJECT && p->i>0 ) pThis++;
      if( pThis->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ) break;
      jsonReturn(pThis, ctx, 0);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_ID: {
      sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)p->i + (p->eType==JSON_OBJECT));
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_PARENT: {
      if( p->i>0 && p->bRecursive ){
        sqlite3_result_int64(ctx, (sqlite3_int64)p->sParse.aUp[p->i]);
      }
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_FULLKEY: {
      JsonString x;
      jsonInit(&x, ctx);
      if( p->bRecursive ){
        jsonEachComputePath(p, &x, p->i);
      }else{
        if( p->zPath ){
          jsonAppendRaw(&x, p->zPath, (int)strlen(p->zPath));
        }else{
          jsonAppendChar(&x, '$');
        }
        if( p->eType==JSON_ARRAY ){
          jsonPrintf(30, &x, "[%d]", p->iRowid);
        }else{
          jsonPrintf(pThis->n, &x, ".%.*s", pThis->n-2, pThis->u.zJContent+1);
        }
      }
      jsonResult(&x);
      break;
    }
    case JEACH_PATH: {
      const char *zPath = p->zPath;
       if( zPath==0 ){
        if( p->bRecursive ){
          JsonString x;
          jsonInit(&x, ctx);
          jsonEachComputePath(p, &x, p->sParse.aUp[p->i]);
          jsonResult(&x);
          break;
        }
        zPath = "$";
      }
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, zPath, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      break;
    }
    default: {
      assert( i==JEACH_JSON );
      sqlite3_result_text(ctx, p->sParse.zJson, -1, SQLITE_STATIC);
      break;
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Return the current rowid value */
static int jsonEachRowid(sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur, sqlite_int64 *pRowid){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  *pRowid = p->iRowid;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* The query strategy is to look for an equality constraint on the json
** column.  Without such a constraint, the table cannot operate.  idxNum is
** 1 if the constraint is found, 3 if the constraint and zPath are found,
** and 0 otherwise.
*/
static int jsonEachBestIndex(
  sqlite3_vtab *tab,
  sqlite3_index_info *pIdxInfo
){
  int i;
  int jsonIdx = -1;
  int pathIdx = -1;
  const struct sqlite3_index_constraint *pConstraint;

  UNUSED_PARAM(tab);
  pConstraint = pIdxInfo->aConstraint;
  for(i=0; i<pIdxInfo->nConstraint; i++, pConstraint++){
    if( pConstraint->usable==0 ) continue;
    if( pConstraint->op!=SQLITE_INDEX_CONSTRAINT_EQ ) continue;
    switch( pConstraint->iColumn ){
      case JEACH_JSON:   jsonIdx = i;    break;
      case JEACH_PATH:   pathIdx = i;    break;
      default:           /* no-op */     break;
    }
  }
  if( jsonIdx<0 ){
    pIdxInfo->idxNum = 0;
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1e99;
  }else{
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = 1.0;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jsonIdx].argvIndex = 1;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[jsonIdx].omit = 1;
    if( pathIdx<0 ){
      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 1;
    }else{
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[pathIdx].argvIndex = 2;
      pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[pathIdx].omit = 1;
      pIdxInfo->idxNum = 3;
    }
  }
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/* Start a search on a new JSON string */
static int jsonEachFilter(
  sqlite3_vtab_cursor *cur,
  int idxNum, const char *idxStr,
  int argc, sqlite3_value **argv
){
  JsonEachCursor *p = (JsonEachCursor*)cur;
  const char *z;
  const char *zPath;
  sqlite3_int64 n;

  UNUSED_PARAM(idxStr);
  UNUSED_PARAM(argc);
  jsonEachCursorReset(p);
  if( idxNum==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
  z = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[0]);
  if( z==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
  if( idxNum&2 ){
    zPath = (const char*)sqlite3_value_text(argv[1]);
    if( zPath==0 ) return SQLITE_OK;
    if( zPath[0]!='$' ){
      sqlite3_free(cur->pVtab->zErrMsg);
      cur->pVtab->zErrMsg = jsonPathSyntaxError(zPath);
      return cur->pVtab->zErrMsg ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_NOMEM;
    }
  }
  n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[0]);
  p->zJson = sqlite3_malloc64( n+1 );
  if( p->zJson==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  memcpy(p->zJson, z, (size_t)n+1);
  if( jsonParse(&p->sParse, 0, p->zJson) ){
    int rc = SQLITE_NOMEM;
    if( p->sParse.oom==0 ){
      sqlite3_free(cur->pVtab->zErrMsg);
      cur->pVtab->zErrMsg = sqlite3_mprintf("malformed JSON");
      if( cur->pVtab->zErrMsg ) rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    jsonEachCursorReset(p);
    return rc;
  }else if( p->bRecursive && jsonParseFindParents(&p->sParse) ){
    jsonEachCursorReset(p);
    return SQLITE_NOMEM;
  }else{
    JsonNode *pNode;
    if( idxNum==3 ){
      const char *zErr = 0;
      p->bRecursive = 0;
      n = sqlite3_value_bytes(argv[1]);
      p->zPath = sqlite3_malloc64( n+1 );
      if( p->zPath==0 ) return SQLITE_NOMEM;
      memcpy(p->zPath, zPath, (size_t)n+1);
      pNode = jsonLookupStep(&p->sParse, 0, p->zPath+1, 0, &zErr);
      if( p->sParse.nErr ){
        sqlite3_free(cur->pVtab->zErrMsg);
        cur->pVtab->zErrMsg = jsonPathSyntaxError(zErr);
        jsonEachCursorReset(p);
        return cur->pVtab->zErrMsg ? SQLITE_ERROR : SQLITE_NOMEM;
      }else if( pNode==0 ){
        return SQLITE_OK;
      }
    }else{
      pNode = p->sParse.aNode;
    }
    p->i = (int)(pNode - p->sParse.aNode);
    p->eType = pNode->eType;
    if( p->eType>=JSON_ARRAY ){
      pNode->u.iKey = 0;
      p->iEnd = p->i + pNode->n + 1;
      if( !p->bRecursive ) p->i++;
    }else{
      p->iEnd = p->i+1;
    }
  }
  return p->sParse.oom ? SQLITE_NOMEM : SQLITE_OK;
}

/* The methods of the json_each virtual table */
static sqlite3_module jsonEachModule = {
  0,                         /* iVersion */
  0,                         /* xCreate */
  jsonEachConnect,           /* xConnect */
  jsonEachBestIndex,         /* xBestIndex */
  jsonEachDisconnect,        /* xDisconnect */
  0,                         /* xDestroy */
  jsonEachOpenEach,          /* xOpen - open a cursor */
  jsonEachClose,             /* xClose - close a cursor */
  jsonEachFilter,            /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
  jsonEachNext,              /* xNext - advance a cursor */
  jsonEachEof,               /* xEof - check for end of scan */
  jsonEachColumn,            /* xColumn - read data */
  jsonEachRowid,             /* xRowid - read data */
  0,                         /* xUpdate */
  0,                         /* xBegin */
  0,                         /* xSync */
  0,                         /* xCommit */
  0,                         /* xRollback */
  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
  0,                         /* xRename */
  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
  0,                         /* xRelease */
  0                          /* xRollbackTo */
};

/* The methods of the json_tree virtual table. */
static sqlite3_module jsonTreeModule = {
  0,                         /* iVersion */
  0,                         /* xCreate */
  jsonEachConnect,           /* xConnect */
  jsonEachBestIndex,         /* xBestIndex */
  jsonEachDisconnect,        /* xDisconnect */
  0,                         /* xDestroy */
  jsonEachOpenTree,          /* xOpen - open a cursor */
  jsonEachClose,             /* xClose - close a cursor */
  jsonEachFilter,            /* xFilter - configure scan constraints */
  jsonEachNext,              /* xNext - advance a cursor */
  jsonEachEof,               /* xEof - check for end of scan */
  jsonEachColumn,            /* xColumn - read data */
  jsonEachRowid,             /* xRowid - read data */
  0,                         /* xUpdate */
  0,                         /* xBegin */
  0,                         /* xSync */
  0,                         /* xCommit */
  0,                         /* xRollback */
  0,                         /* xFindMethod */
  0,                         /* xRename */
  0,                         /* xSavepoint */
  0,                         /* xRelease */
  0                          /* xRollbackTo */
};
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE */

/****************************************************************************
** The following routine is the only publically visible identifier in this
** file.  Call the following routine in order to register the various SQL
** functions and the virtual table implemented by this file.
****************************************************************************/

#ifdef _WIN32
__declspec(dllexport)
#endif
int sqlite3_json_init(
  sqlite3 *db, 
  char **pzErrMsg, 
  const sqlite3_api_routines *pApi
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  unsigned int i;
  static const struct {
     const char *zName;
     int nArg;
     int flag;
     void (*xFunc)(sqlite3_context*,int,sqlite3_value**);
  } aFunc[] = {
    { "json_array",          -1, 0,   jsonArrayFunc         },
    { "json_array_length",    1, 0,   jsonArrayLengthFunc   },
    { "json_array_length",    2, 0,   jsonArrayLengthFunc   },
    { "json_extract",        -1, 0,   jsonExtractFunc       },
    { "json_insert",         -1, 0,   jsonSetFunc           },
    { "json_object",         -1, 0,   jsonObjectFunc        },
    { "json_remove",         -1, 0,   jsonRemoveFunc        },
    { "json_replace",        -1, 0,   jsonReplaceFunc       },
    { "json_set",            -1, 1,   jsonSetFunc           },
    { "json_type",            1, 0,   jsonTypeFunc          },
    { "json_type",            2, 0,   jsonTypeFunc          },
    { "json_valid",           1, 0,   jsonValidFunc         },

#if SQLITE_DEBUG
    /* DEBUG and TESTING functions */
    { "json_parse",           1, 0,   jsonParseFunc         },
    { "json_test1",           1, 0,   jsonTest1Func         },
    { "json_nodecount",       1, 0,   jsonNodeCountFunc     },
#endif
  };
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  static const struct {
     const char *zName;
     sqlite3_module *pModule;
  } aMod[] = {
    { "json_each",            &jsonEachModule               },
    { "json_tree",            &jsonTreeModule               },
  };
#endif
  SQLITE_EXTENSION_INIT2(pApi);
  (void)pzErrMsg;  /* Unused parameter */
  for(i=0; i<sizeof(aFunc)/sizeof(aFunc[0]) && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
    rc = sqlite3_create_function(db, aFunc[i].zName, aFunc[i].nArg,
                                 SQLITE_UTF8 | SQLITE_DETERMINISTIC, 
                                 (void*)&aFunc[i].flag,
                                 aFunc[i].xFunc, 0, 0);
  }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  for(i=0; i<sizeof(aMod)/sizeof(aMod[0]) && rc==SQLITE_OK; i++){
    rc = sqlite3_create_module(db, aMod[i].zName, aMod[i].pModule, 0);
  }
#endif
  return rc;
}

    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[stopIdx].argvIndex = ++nArg;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[stopIdx].omit = 1;
  }
  if( stepIdx>=0 ){
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[stepIdx].argvIndex = ++nArg;
    pIdxInfo->aConstraintUsage[stepIdx].omit = 1;
  }




  if( (idxNum & 3)==3 ){
    /* Both start= and stop= boundaries are available.  This is the 
    ** the preferred case */
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)1;
    pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 1000;
    if( pIdxInfo->nOrderBy==1 ){
      if( pIdxInfo->aOrderBy[0].desc ) idxNum |= 8;
      pIdxInfo->orderByConsumed = 1;
    }
  }else{
    /* If either boundary is missing, we have to generate a huge span
    ** of numbers.  Make this case very expensive so that the query
    ** planner will work hard to avoid it. */
    pIdxInfo->estimatedCost = (double)2147483647;
    pIdxInfo->estimatedRows = 2147483647;
  }
  pIdxInfo->idxNum = idxNum;
  return SQLITE_OK;
}

/*
** This following structure defines all the methods for the 

        }
        zDelta++; lenDelta--;
        total += cnt;
        if( total>limit ){
          /* ERROR: copy exceeds output file size */
          return -1;
        }
        if( (int)(ofst+cnt) > lenSrc ){
          /* ERROR: copy extends past end of input */
          return -1;
        }
        memcpy(zOut, &zSrc[ofst], cnt);
        zOut += cnt;
        break;
      }
      case ':': {
        zDelta++; lenDelta--;
        total += cnt;
        if( total>limit ){
          /* ERROR:  insert command gives an output larger than predicted */
          return -1;
        }
        if( (int)cnt>lenDelta ){
          /* ERROR: insert count exceeds size of delta */
          return -1;
        }
        memcpy(zOut, zDelta, cnt);
        zOut += cnt;
        zDelta += cnt;
        lenDelta -= cnt;

        goto rbuTableType_end;
      }
    }
    *peType = RBU_PK_NONE;
  }

rbuTableType_end: {
    unsigned int i;
    for(i=0; i<sizeof(aStmt)/sizeof(aStmt[0]); i++){
      rbuFinalize(p, aStmt[i]);
    }
  }
}

/*

  RbuObjIter *pIter,
  const char *zMask
){
  char *zList = 0;
  if( p->rc==SQLITE_OK ){
    int i;

    if( (int)strlen(zMask)!=pIter->nTblCol ){
      rbuBadControlError(p);
    }else{
      const char *zSep = "";
      for(i=0; i<pIter->nTblCol; i++){
        char c = zMask[pIter->aiSrcOrder[i]];
        if( c=='x' ){
          zList = rbuMPrintf(p, "%z%s\"%w\"=?%d", 

    rbuVfsCheckReservedLock,      /* xCheckReservedLock */
    rbuVfsFileControl,            /* xFileControl */
    rbuVfsSectorSize,             /* xSectorSize */
    rbuVfsDeviceCharacteristics,  /* xDeviceCharacteristics */
    rbuVfsShmMap,                 /* xShmMap */
    rbuVfsShmLock,                /* xShmLock */
    rbuVfsShmBarrier,             /* xShmBarrier */
    rbuVfsShmUnmap,               /* xShmUnmap */
    0, 0                          /* xFetch, xUnfetch */
  };
  rbu_vfs *pRbuVfs = (rbu_vfs*)pVfs;
  sqlite3_vfs *pRealVfs = pRbuVfs->pRealVfs;
  rbu_file *pFd = (rbu_file *)pFile;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  const char *zOpen = zName;

TESTSRC += \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/amatch.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/closure.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/eval.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fileio.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/fuzzer.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/ieee754.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/json1.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/nextchar.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/percentile.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/regexp.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/series.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/spellfix.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/totype.c \
  $(TOP)/ext/misc/wholenumber.c \

#
all:	sqlite3.h libsqlite3.a sqlite3$(EXE)

libsqlite3.a:	$(LIBOBJ)
	$(AR) libsqlite3.a $(LIBOBJ)
	$(RANLIB) libsqlite3.a

sqlite3$(EXE):	$(TOP)/src/shell.c libsqlite3.a sqlite3.h $(TOP)/ext/misc/json1.c
	$(TCCX) $(READLINE_FLAGS) -DSQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1 -o sqlite3$(EXE)  \
		$(TOP)/src/shell.c $(TOP)/ext/misc/json1.c                \
		libsqlite3.a $(LIBREADLINE) $(TLIBS) $(THREADLIB)

sqldiff$(EXE):	$(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c sqlite3.c sqlite3.h
	$(TCCX) -o sqldiff$(EXE) -DSQLITE_THREADSAFE=0 \
		$(TOP)/tool/sqldiff.c sqlite3.c $(TLIBS) $(THREADLIB)

fuzzershell$(EXE):	$(TOP)/tool/fuzzershell.c sqlite3.c sqlite3.h

  if( SQLITE_OK!=sqlite3ReadSchema(pParse) ){
    return 0;
  }

  p = sqlite3FindTable(pParse->db, zName, zDbase);
  if( p==0 ){
    const char *zMsg = isView ? "no such view" : "no such table";
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
    /* If zName is the not the name of a table in the schema created using
    ** CREATE, then check to see if it is the name of an virtual table that
    ** can be an eponymous virtual table. */
    Module *pMod = (Module*)sqlite3HashFind(&pParse->db->aModule, zName);
    if( pMod && sqlite3VtabEponymousTableInit(pParse, pMod) ){
      return pMod->pEpoTab;
    }

  /* Delete the Table structure itself.
  */
  sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(db, pTable);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zName);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable->zColAff);
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pTable->pSelect);

  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pTable->pCheck);

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  sqlite3VtabClear(db, pTable);
#endif
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pTable);

  /* Verify that no lookaside memory was used by schema tables */
  assert( nLookaside==0 || nLookaside==db->lookaside.nOut );

    iCol = pTab->nCol - 1;
    pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags |= COLFLAG_PRIMKEY;
    zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
    nTerm = 1;
  }else{
    nTerm = pList->nExpr;
    for(i=0; i<nTerm; i++){
      Expr *pCExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pList->a[i].pExpr);
      if( pCExpr && pCExpr->op==TK_ID ){
        const char *zCName = pCExpr->u.zToken;
        for(iCol=0; iCol<pTab->nCol; iCol++){
          if( sqlite3StrICmp(zCName, pTab->aCol[iCol].zName)==0 ){
            pTab->aCol[iCol].colFlags |= COLFLAG_PRIMKEY;
            zType = pTab->aCol[iCol].zType;
            break;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
  if( nTerm==1
   && zType && sqlite3StrICmp(zType, "INTEGER")==0
   && sortOrder!=SQLITE_SO_DESC
  ){
    pTab->iPKey = iCol;
    pTab->keyConf = (u8)onError;
    assert( autoInc==0 || autoInc==1 );
    pTab->tabFlags |= autoInc*TF_Autoincrement;
    if( pList ) pParse->iPkSortOrder = pList->a[0].sortOrder;
  }else if( autoInc ){

  }

  /* Locate the PRIMARY KEY index.  Or, if this table was originally
  ** an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY table, create a new PRIMARY KEY index. 
  */
  if( pTab->iPKey>=0 ){
    ExprList *pList;
    Token ipkToken;
    ipkToken.z = pTab->aCol[pTab->iPKey].zName;
    ipkToken.n = sqlite3Strlen30(ipkToken.z);
    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, 
                  sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &ipkToken, 0));
    if( pList==0 ) return;


    pList->a[0].sortOrder = pParse->iPkSortOrder;
    assert( pParse->pNewTable==pTab );
    pPk = sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, 0, 0, 0, pList, pTab->keyConf, 0, 0, 0, 0);
    if( pPk==0 ) return;
    pPk->idxType = SQLITE_IDXTYPE_PRIMARYKEY;
    pTab->iPKey = -1;
  }else{

** The parser calls this routine in order to create a new VIEW
*/
void sqlite3CreateView(
  Parse *pParse,     /* The parsing context */
  Token *pBegin,     /* The CREATE token that begins the statement */
  Token *pName1,     /* The token that holds the name of the view */
  Token *pName2,     /* The token that holds the name of the view */
  ExprList *pCNames, /* Optional list of view column names */
  Select *pSelect,   /* A SELECT statement that will become the new view */
  int isTemp,        /* TRUE for a TEMPORARY view */
  int noErr          /* Suppress error messages if VIEW already exists */
){
  Table *p;
  int n;
  const char *z;
  Token sEnd;
  DbFixer sFix;
  Token *pName = 0;
  int iDb;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;

  if( pParse->nVar>0 ){
    sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "parameters are not allowed in views");
    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
    return;
  }
  sqlite3StartTable(pParse, pName1, pName2, isTemp, 1, 0, noErr);
  p = pParse->pNewTable;
  if( p==0 || pParse->nErr ) goto create_view_fail;



  sqlite3TwoPartName(pParse, pName1, pName2, &pName);
  iDb = sqlite3SchemaToIndex(db, p->pSchema);
  sqlite3FixInit(&sFix, pParse, iDb, "view", pName);
  if( sqlite3FixSelect(&sFix, pSelect) ) goto create_view_fail;




  /* Make a copy of the entire SELECT statement that defines the view.
  ** This will force all the Expr.token.z values to be dynamically
  ** allocated rather than point to the input string - which means that
  ** they will persist after the current sqlite3_exec() call returns.
  */
  p->pSelect = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pSelect, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
  p->pCheck = sqlite3ExprListDup(db, pCNames, EXPRDUP_REDUCE);
  if( db->mallocFailed ) goto create_view_fail;



  /* Locate the end of the CREATE VIEW statement.  Make sEnd point to
  ** the end.
  */
  sEnd = pParse->sLastToken;
  assert( sEnd.z[0]!=0 );
  if( sEnd.z[0]!=';' ){
    sEnd.z += sEnd.n;
  }
  sEnd.n = 0;
  n = (int)(sEnd.z - pBegin->z);
  assert( n>0 );
  z = pBegin->z;
  while( sqlite3Isspace(z[n-1]) ){ n--; }
  sEnd.z = &z[n-1];
  sEnd.n = 1;

  /* Use sqlite3EndTable() to add the view to the SQLITE_MASTER table */
  sqlite3EndTable(pParse, 0, &sEnd, 0, 0);

create_view_fail:
  sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSelect);
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pCNames);
  return;
}
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
/*
** The Table structure pTable is really a VIEW.  Fill in the names of
** the columns of the view in the pTable structure.  Return the number
** of errors.  If an error is seen leave an error message in pParse->zErrMsg.
*/
int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse *pParse, Table *pTable){
  Table *pSelTab;   /* A fake table from which we get the result set */
  Select *pSel;     /* Copy of the SELECT that implements the view */
  int nErr = 0;     /* Number of errors encountered */
  int n;            /* Temporarily holds the number of cursors assigned */
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;  /* Database connection for malloc errors */
  sqlite3_xauth xAuth;       /* Saved xAuth pointer */
  u8 bEnabledLA;             /* Saved db->lookaside.bEnabled state */

  assert( pTable );

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
  if( sqlite3VtabCallConnect(pParse, pTable) ){
    return SQLITE_ERROR;
  }

  ** Note that the call to sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() will expand any
  ** "*" elements in the results set of the view and will assign cursors
  ** to the elements of the FROM clause.  But we do not want these changes
  ** to be permanent.  So the computation is done on a copy of the SELECT
  ** statement that defines the view.
  */
  assert( pTable->pSelect );
  bEnabledLA = db->lookaside.bEnabled;
  if( pTable->pCheck ){
    db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
    sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pTable->pCheck, 
                               &pTable->nCol, &pTable->aCol);
  }else{
    pSel = sqlite3SelectDup(db, pTable->pSelect, 0);
    if( pSel ){

      n = pParse->nTab;
      sqlite3SrcListAssignCursors(pParse, pSel->pSrc);
      pTable->nCol = -1;
      db->lookaside.bEnabled = 0;
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
      xAuth = db->xAuth;
      db->xAuth = 0;
      pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel);
      db->xAuth = xAuth;
#else
      pSelTab = sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(pParse, pSel);
#endif

      pParse->nTab = n;
      if( pSelTab ){
        assert( pTable->aCol==0 );
        pTable->nCol = pSelTab->nCol;
        pTable->aCol = pSelTab->aCol;
        pSelTab->nCol = 0;
        pSelTab->aCol = 0;
        sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pSelTab);
        assert( sqlite3SchemaMutexHeld(db, 0, pTable->pSchema) );

      }else{
        pTable->nCol = 0;
        nErr++;
      }
      sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pSel);
    } else {
      nErr++;
    }
  }
  db->lookaside.bEnabled = bEnabledLA;
  pTable->pSchema->schemaFlags |= DB_UnresetViews;
#endif /* SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW */
  return nErr;  
}
#endif /* !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE) */

#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
/*

#endif

  /* If pList==0, it means this routine was called to make a primary
  ** key out of the last column added to the table under construction.
  ** So create a fake list to simulate this.
  */
  if( pList==0 ){
    Token prevCol;
    prevCol.z = pTab->aCol[pTab->nCol-1].zName;
    prevCol.n = sqlite3Strlen30(prevCol.z);
    pList = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0,
              sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_ID, &prevCol, 0));
    if( pList==0 ) goto exit_create_index;
    assert( pList->nExpr==1 );

    sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(pList, sortOrder);
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprListCheckLength(pParse, pList, "index");
  }

  /* Figure out how many bytes of space are required to store explicitly
  ** specified collation sequence names.
  */
  for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
    Expr *pExpr = pList->a[i].pExpr;
    if( pExpr && pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){

      nExtra += (1 + sqlite3Strlen30(pExpr->u.zToken));
    }
  }

  /* 
  ** Allocate the index structure. 
  */

  ** TODO:  Add a test to make sure that the same column is not named
  ** more than once within the same index.  Only the first instance of
  ** the column will ever be used by the optimizer.  Note that using the
  ** same column more than once cannot be an error because that would 
  ** break backwards compatibility - it needs to be a warning.
  */
  for(i=0, pListItem=pList->a; i<pList->nExpr; i++, pListItem++){
    const char *zColName;
    Expr *pCExpr;
    int requestedSortOrder;
    char *zColl;                   /* Collation sequence name */

    pCExpr = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pListItem->pExpr);
    if( pCExpr->op!=TK_ID ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "indexes on expressions not yet supported");
      continue;
    }
    zColName = pCExpr->u.zToken;
    for(j=0, pTabCol=pTab->aCol; j<pTab->nCol; j++, pTabCol++){
      if( sqlite3StrICmp(zColName, pTabCol->zName)==0 ) break;
    }
    if( j>=pTab->nCol ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s has no column named %s",
        pTab->zName, zColName);
      pParse->checkSchema = 1;
      goto exit_create_index;
    }
    assert( j<=0x7fff );
    pIndex->aiColumn[i] = (i16)j;
    if( pListItem->pExpr->op==TK_COLLATE ){
      int nColl;

      zColl = pListItem->pExpr->u.zToken;
      nColl = sqlite3Strlen30(zColl) + 1;
      assert( nExtra>=nColl );
      memcpy(zExtra, zColl, nColl);
      zColl = zExtra;
      zExtra += nColl;
      nExtra -= nColl;

    sqlite3SelectDelete(db, pQuery);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, zName);
    pNew = pWith;
  }else{
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].pSelect = pQuery;
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].pCols = pArglist;
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].zName = zName;
    pNew->a[pNew->nCte].zCteErr = 0;
    pNew->nCte++;
  }

  return pNew;
}

/*

      if( addrEphOpen ) sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrEphOpen);
      addrDelete = sqlite3VdbeAddOp0(v, OP_Goto); /* Jump to DELETE logic */
    }else if( pPk ){
      /* Construct a composite key for the row to be deleted and remember it */
      iKey = ++pParse->nMem;
      nKey = 0;   /* Zero tells OP_Found to use a composite key */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, iPk, nPk, iKey,
                        sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(pParse->db, pPk), nPk);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iEphCur, iKey);
    }else{
      /* Get the rowid of the row to be deleted and remember it in the RowSet */
      nKey = 1;  /* OP_Seek always uses a single rowid */
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_RowSetAdd, iRowSet, iKey);
    }
  

**
** Construct a new expression node and return a pointer to it.  Memory
** for this node and for the pToken argument is a single allocation
** obtained from sqlite3DbMalloc().  The calling function
** is responsible for making sure the node eventually gets freed.
**
** If dequote is true, then the token (if it exists) is dequoted.
** If dequote is false, no dequoting is performed.  The deQuote
** parameter is ignored if pToken is NULL or if the token does not
** appear to be quoted.  If the quotes were of the form "..." (double-quotes)
** then the EP_DblQuoted flag is set on the expression node.
**
** Special case:  If op==TK_INTEGER and pToken points to a string that
** can be translated into a 32-bit integer, then the token is not
** stored in u.zToken.  Instead, the integer values is written

no_mem:     
  /* Avoid leaking memory if malloc has failed. */
  sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pExpr);
  sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList);
  return 0;
}

/*
** Set the sort order for the last element on the given ExprList.
*/
void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList *p, int iSortOrder){
  if( p==0 ) return;
  assert( SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED<0 && SQLITE_SO_ASC>=0 && SQLITE_SO_DESC>0 );
  assert( p->nExpr>0 );
  if( iSortOrder<0 ){
    assert( p->a[p->nExpr-1].sortOrder==SQLITE_SO_ASC );
    return;
  }
  p->a[p->nExpr-1].sortOrder = (u8)iSortOrder;
}

/*
** Set the ExprList.a[].zName element of the most recently added item
** on the expression list.
**
** pList might be NULL following an OOM error.  But pName should never be
** NULL.  If a memory allocation fails, the pParse->db->mallocFailed flag

            testcase( pDef->funcFlags & OPFLAG_LENGTHARG );
            pFarg->a[0].pExpr->op2 = 
                  pDef->funcFlags & (OPFLAG_LENGTHARG|OPFLAG_TYPEOFARG);
          }
        }

        sqlite3ExprCachePush(pParse);     /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pFarg, r1, 0,
                                SQLITE_ECEL_DUP|SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR);
        sqlite3ExprCachePop(pParse);      /* Ticket 2ea2425d34be */
      }else{
        r1 = 0;
      }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE
      /* Possibly overload the function if the first argument is

** The SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR argument allows constant arguments to be
** factored out into initialization code.
*/
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(
  Parse *pParse,     /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pList,   /* The expression list to be coded */
  int target,        /* Where to write results */
  int srcReg,        /* Source registers if SQLITE_ECEL_REF */
  u8 flags           /* SQLITE_ECEL_* flags */
){
  struct ExprList_item *pItem;
  int i, j, n;
  u8 copyOp = (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_DUP) ? OP_Copy : OP_SCopy;
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;
  assert( pList!=0 );
  assert( target>0 );
  assert( pParse->pVdbe!=0 );  /* Never gets this far otherwise */
  n = pList->nExpr;
  if( !ConstFactorOk(pParse) ) flags &= ~SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR;
  for(pItem=pList->a, i=0; i<n; i++, pItem++){
    Expr *pExpr = pItem->pExpr;
    if( (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_REF)!=0 && (j = pList->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol)>0 ){
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, copyOp, j+srcReg-1, target+i);
    }else if( (flags & SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR)!=0 && sqlite3ExprIsConstant(pExpr) ){
      sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(pParse, pExpr, target+i, 0);
    }else{
      int inReg = sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(pParse, pExpr, target+i);
      if( inReg!=target+i ){
        VdbeOp *pOp;

        if( copyOp==OP_Copy
         && (pOp=sqlite3VdbeGetOp(v, -1))->opcode==OP_Copy
         && pOp->p1+pOp->p3+1==inReg
         && pOp->p2+pOp->p3+1==target+i
        ){
          pOp->p3++;
        }else{

          sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Ne, iChild, iJump, iParent); VdbeCoverage(v);
          sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, SQLITE_JUMPIFNULL);
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Goto, 0, iOk);
      }
  
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regTemp, nCol, regRec,
                        sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(pParse->db,pIdx), nCol);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iCur, iOk, regRec, 0); VdbeCoverage(v);
  
      sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, regRec);
      sqlite3ReleaseTempRange(pParse, regTemp, nCol);
    }
  }

** An extra 'D' is appended to the end of the string to cover the
** rowid that appears as the last column in every index.
**
** Memory for the buffer containing the column index affinity string
** is managed along with the rest of the Index structure. It will be
** released when sqlite3DeleteIndex() is called.
*/
const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx){
  if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
    /* The first time a column affinity string for a particular index is
    ** required, it is allocated and populated here. It is then stored as
    ** a member of the Index structure for subsequent use.
    **
    ** The column affinity string will eventually be deleted by
    ** sqliteDeleteIndex() when the Index structure itself is cleaned
    ** up.
    */
    int n;
    Table *pTab = pIdx->pTable;

    pIdx->zColAff = (char *)sqlite3DbMallocRaw(0, pIdx->nColumn+1);
    if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
      db->mallocFailed = 1;
      return 0;
    }
    for(n=0; n<pIdx->nColumn; n++){
      i16 x = pIdx->aiColumn[n];

    ** single-row VALUES clause
    */
    NameContext sNC;
    memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
    sNC.pParse = pParse;
    srcTab = -1;
    assert( useTempTable==0 );
    if( pList ){
      nColumn = pList->nExpr;

      if( sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pList) ){
        goto insert_cleanup;
      }
    }else{
      nColumn = 0;
    }
  }

  /* If there is no IDLIST term but the table has an integer primary
  ** key, the set the ipkColumn variable to the integer primary key 
  ** column index in the original table definition.
  */

//
ccons ::= NULL onconf.
ccons ::= NOT NULL onconf(R).    {sqlite3AddNotNull(pParse, R);}
ccons ::= PRIMARY KEY sortorder(Z) onconf(R) autoinc(I).
                                 {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,0,R,I,Z);}
ccons ::= UNIQUE onconf(R).      {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,0,R,0,0,0,0);}
ccons ::= CHECK LP expr(X) RP.   {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,X.pExpr);}
ccons ::= REFERENCES nm(T) eidlist_opt(TA) refargs(R).
                                 {sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse,0,&T,TA,R);}
ccons ::= defer_subclause(D).    {sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse,D);}
ccons ::= COLLATE ids(C).        {sqlite3AddCollateType(pParse, &C);}

// The optional AUTOINCREMENT keyword
%type autoinc {int}
autoinc(X) ::= .          {X = 0;}

conslist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A.n = 0; A.z = 0;}
conslist_opt(A) ::= COMMA(X) conslist.        {A = X;}
conslist ::= conslist tconscomma tcons.
conslist ::= tcons.
tconscomma ::= COMMA.            {pParse->constraintName.n = 0;}
tconscomma ::= .
tcons ::= CONSTRAINT nm(X).      {pParse->constraintName = X;}
tcons ::= PRIMARY KEY LP sortlist(X) autoinc(I) RP onconf(R).
                                 {sqlite3AddPrimaryKey(pParse,X,R,I,0);}
tcons ::= UNIQUE LP sortlist(X) RP onconf(R).
                                 {sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse,0,0,0,X,R,0,0,0,0);}
tcons ::= CHECK LP expr(E) RP onconf.
                                 {sqlite3AddCheckConstraint(pParse,E.pExpr);}
tcons ::= FOREIGN KEY LP eidlist(FA) RP
          REFERENCES nm(T) eidlist_opt(TA) refargs(R) defer_subclause_opt(D). {
    sqlite3CreateForeignKey(pParse, FA, &T, TA, R);
    sqlite3DeferForeignKey(pParse, D);
}
%type defer_subclause_opt {int}
defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= .                    {A = 0;}
defer_subclause_opt(A) ::= defer_subclause(X).  {A = X;}

%type ifexists {int}
ifexists(A) ::= IF EXISTS.   {A = 1;}
ifexists(A) ::= .            {A = 0;}

///////////////////// The CREATE VIEW statement /////////////////////////////
//
%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW
cmd ::= createkw(X) temp(T) VIEW ifnotexists(E) nm(Y) dbnm(Z) eidlist_opt(C)
          AS select(S). {
  sqlite3CreateView(pParse, &X, &Y, &Z, C, S, T, E);
}
cmd ::= DROP VIEW ifexists(E) fullname(X). {
  sqlite3DropTable(pParse, X, 1, E);
}
%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW

//////////////////////// The SELECT statement /////////////////////////////////

%destructor using_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
using_opt(U) ::= USING LP idlist(L) RP.  {U = L;}
using_opt(U) ::= .                        {U = 0;}


%type orderby_opt {ExprList*}
%destructor orderby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

// the sortlist non-terminal stores a list of expression where each
// expression is optionally followed by ASC or DESC to indicate the
// sort order.
//
%type sortlist {ExprList*}
%destructor sortlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

orderby_opt(A) ::= .                          {A = 0;}
orderby_opt(A) ::= ORDER BY sortlist(X).      {A = X;}
sortlist(A) ::= sortlist(X) COMMA expr(Y) sortorder(Z). {
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,X,Y.pExpr);
  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(A,Z);
}
sortlist(A) ::= expr(Y) sortorder(Z). {
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,Y.pExpr);
  sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(A,Z);
}

%type sortorder {int}

sortorder(A) ::= ASC.           {A = SQLITE_SO_ASC;}
sortorder(A) ::= DESC.          {A = SQLITE_SO_DESC;}
sortorder(A) ::= .              {A = SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED;}

%type groupby_opt {ExprList*}
%destructor groupby_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
groupby_opt(A) ::= .                      {A = 0;}
groupby_opt(A) ::= GROUP BY nexprlist(X). {A = X;}

%type having_opt {Expr*}

setlist(A) ::= nm(X) EQ expr(Y). {
  A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, 0, Y.pExpr);
  sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, A, &X, 1);
}

////////////////////////// The INSERT command /////////////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= with(W) insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) idlist_opt(F) select(S). {
  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1);
  sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, S, F, R);
}
cmd ::= with(W) insert_cmd(R) INTO fullname(X) idlist_opt(F) DEFAULT VALUES.
{
  sqlite3WithPush(pParse, W, 1);
  sqlite3Insert(pParse, X, 0, F, R);
}

%type insert_cmd {u8}
insert_cmd(A) ::= INSERT orconf(R).   {A = R;}
insert_cmd(A) ::= REPLACE.            {A = OE_Replace;}

%type idlist_opt {IdList*}
%destructor idlist_opt {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
%type idlist {IdList*}
%destructor idlist {sqlite3IdListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

idlist_opt(A) ::= .                       {A = 0;}
idlist_opt(A) ::= LP idlist(X) RP.    {A = X;}
idlist(A) ::= idlist(X) COMMA nm(Y).
    {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,X,&Y);}
idlist(A) ::= nm(Y).
    {A = sqlite3IdListAppend(pParse->db,0,&Y);}

/////////////////////////// Expression Processing /////////////////////////////
//

nexprlist(A) ::= expr(Y).
    {A = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,0,Y.pExpr);}


///////////////////////////// The CREATE INDEX command ///////////////////////
//
cmd ::= createkw(S) uniqueflag(U) INDEX ifnotexists(NE) nm(X) dbnm(D)
        ON nm(Y) LP sortlist(Z) RP where_opt(W). {
  sqlite3CreateIndex(pParse, &X, &D, 
                     sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db,0,&Y,0), Z, U,
                      &S, W, SQLITE_SO_ASC, NE);
}

%type uniqueflag {int}
uniqueflag(A) ::= UNIQUE.  {A = OE_Abort;}
uniqueflag(A) ::= .        {A = OE_None;}


// The eidlist non-terminal (Expression Id List) generates an ExprList
// from a list of identifiers.  The identifier names are in ExprList.a[].zName.
// This list is stored in an ExprList rather than an IdList so that it
// can be easily sent to sqlite3ColumnsExprList().
//
// eidlist is grouped with CREATE INDEX because it used to be the non-terminal
// used for the arguments to an index.  That is just an historical accident.
//
// IMPORTANT COMPATIBILITY NOTE:  Some prior versions of SQLite accepted
// COLLATE clauses and ASC or DESC keywords on ID lists in inappropriate
// places - places that might have been stored in the sqlite_master schema.
// Those extra features were ignored.  But because they might be in some
// (busted) old databases, we need to continue parsing them when loading
// historical schemas.
//
%type eidlist {ExprList*}
%destructor eidlist {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}
%type eidlist_opt {ExprList*}
%destructor eidlist_opt {sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, $$);}





%include {
  /* Add a single new term to an ExprList that is used to store a
  ** list of identifiers.  Report an error if the ID list contains
  ** a COLLATE clause or an ASC or DESC keyword, except ignore the
  ** error while parsing a legacy schema.
  */
  static ExprList *parserAddExprIdListTerm(
    Parse *pParse,
    ExprList *pPrior,
    Token *pIdToken,
    int hasCollate,
    int sortOrder
  ){
    ExprList *p = sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse, pPrior, 0);
    if( (hasCollate || sortOrder!=SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED)
        && pParse->db->init.busy==0
    ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "syntax error after column name \"%.*s\"",
                         pIdToken->n, pIdToken->z);
    }
    sqlite3ExprListSetName(pParse, p, pIdToken, 1);
    return p;
  }
} // end %include


eidlist_opt(A) ::= .                         {A = 0;}
eidlist_opt(A) ::= LP eidlist(X) RP.         {A = X;}
eidlist(A) ::= eidlist(X) COMMA nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z).  {
  A = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, X, &Y, C, Z);
}
eidlist(A) ::= nm(Y) collate(C) sortorder(Z). {
  A = parserAddExprIdListTerm(pParse, 0, &Y, C, Z);




}

%type collate {int}
collate(C) ::= .              {C = 0;}
collate(C) ::= COLLATE ids.   {C = 1;}


///////////////////////////// The DROP INDEX command /////////////////////////
//
cmd ::= DROP INDEX ifexists(E) fullname(X).   {sqlite3DropIndex(pParse, X, E);}

///////////////////////////// The VACUUM command /////////////////////////////

%destructor trigger_cmd {sqlite3DeleteTriggerStep(pParse->db, $$);}
// UPDATE 
trigger_cmd(A) ::=
   UPDATE orconf(R) trnm(X) tridxby SET setlist(Y) where_opt(Z).  
   { A = sqlite3TriggerUpdateStep(pParse->db, &X, Y, Z, R); }

// INSERT
trigger_cmd(A) ::= insert_cmd(R) INTO trnm(X) idlist_opt(F) select(S).
               {A = sqlite3TriggerInsertStep(pParse->db, &X, F, S, R);}

// DELETE
trigger_cmd(A) ::= DELETE FROM trnm(X) tridxby where_opt(Y).
               {A = sqlite3TriggerDeleteStep(pParse->db, &X, Y);}

// SELECT

%destructor wqlist {sqlite3WithDelete(pParse->db, $$);}

with(A) ::= . {A = 0;}
%ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_CTE
with(A) ::= WITH wqlist(W).              { A = W; }
with(A) ::= WITH RECURSIVE wqlist(W).    { A = W; }

wqlist(A) ::= nm(X) eidlist_opt(Y) AS LP select(Z) RP. {
  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, 0, &X, Y, Z);
}
wqlist(A) ::= wqlist(W) COMMA nm(X) eidlist_opt(Y) AS LP select(Z) RP. {
  A = sqlite3WithAdd(pParse, W, &X, Y, Z);
}
%endif  SQLITE_OMIT_CTE

**         SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE.
**    (3)  PCache-local bulk allocation.
**
** The third case is a chunk of heap memory (defaulting to 100 pages worth)
** that is allocated when the page cache is created.  The size of the local
** bulk allocation can be adjusted using 
**
**     sqlite3_config(SQLITE_CONFIG_PAGECACHE, 0, 0, N).
**
** If N is positive, then N pages worth of memory are allocated using a single
** sqlite3Malloc() call and that memory is used for the first N pages allocated.
** Or if N is negative, then -1024*N bytes of memory are allocated and used
** for as many pages as can be accomodated.
**
** Only one of (2) or (3) can be used.  Once the memory available to (2) or

          for(j=0; j<pFK->nCol; j++){
            sqlite3ExprCodeGetColumnOfTable(v, pTab, 0,
                            aiCols ? aiCols[j] : pFK->aCol[j].iFrom, regRow+j);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IsNull, regRow+j, addrOk); VdbeCoverage(v);
          }
          if( pParent ){
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regRow, pFK->nCol, regKey,
                              sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(db,pIdx), pFK->nCol);
            sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, i, addrOk, regKey, 0);
            VdbeCoverage(v);
          }
        }
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Rowid, 0, regResult+1);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_String8, 0, regResult+2, 0, 
                          pFK->zTo, P4_TRANSIENT);

    **
    ** In cases like this, replace pExpr with a copy of the expression that
    ** forms the result set entry ("a+b" in the example) and return immediately.
    ** Note that the expression in the result set should have already been
    ** resolved by the time the WHERE clause is resolved.
    **
    ** The ability to use an output result-set column in the WHERE, GROUP BY,
    ** or HAVING clauses, or as part of a larger expression in the ORDER BY
    ** clause is not standard SQL.  This is a (goofy) SQLite extension, that
    ** is supported for backwards compatibility only. Hence, we issue a warning
    ** on sqlite3_log() whenever the capability is used.
    */
    if( (pEList = pNC->pEList)!=0
     && zTab==0
     && cnt==0
    ){
      for(j=0; j<pEList->nExpr; j++){

  Table *pTab,        /* The table being referenced */
  int type,           /* NC_IsCheck or NC_PartIdx */
  Expr *pExpr,        /* Expression to resolve.  May be NULL. */
  ExprList *pList     /* Expression list to resolve.  May be NUL. */
){
  SrcList sSrc;                   /* Fake SrcList for pParse->pNewTable */
  NameContext sNC;                /* Name context for pParse->pNewTable */


  assert( type==NC_IsCheck || type==NC_PartIdx );
  memset(&sNC, 0, sizeof(sNC));
  memset(&sSrc, 0, sizeof(sSrc));
  sSrc.nSrc = 1;
  sSrc.a[0].zName = pTab->zName;
  sSrc.a[0].pTab = pTab;
  sSrc.a[0].iCursor = -1;
  sNC.pParse = pParse;
  sNC.pSrcList = &sSrc;
  sNC.ncFlags = type;
  if( sqlite3ResolveExprNames(&sNC, pExpr) ) return;
  if( pList ) sqlite3ResolveExprListNames(&sNC, pList);



}

** through regData+nData-1 onto the sorter.
*/
static void pushOntoSorter(
  Parse *pParse,         /* Parser context */
  SortCtx *pSort,        /* Information about the ORDER BY clause */
  Select *pSelect,       /* The whole SELECT statement */
  int regData,           /* First register holding data to be sorted */
  int regOrigData,       /* First register holding data before packing */
  int nData,             /* Number of elements in the data array */
  int nPrefixReg         /* No. of reg prior to regData available for use */
){
  Vdbe *v = pParse->pVdbe;                         /* Stmt under construction */
  int bSeq = ((pSort->sortFlags & SORTFLAG_UseSorter)==0);
  int nExpr = pSort->pOrderBy->nExpr;              /* No. of ORDER BY terms */
  int nBase = nExpr + bSeq + nData;                /* Fields in sorter record */
  int regBase;                                     /* Regs for sorter record */
  int regRecord = ++pParse->nMem;                  /* Assembled sorter record */
  int nOBSat = pSort->nOBSat;                      /* ORDER BY terms to skip */
  int op;                            /* Opcode to add sorter record to sorter */

  assert( bSeq==0 || bSeq==1 );
  assert( nData==1 || regData==regOrigData );
  if( nPrefixReg ){
    assert( nPrefixReg==nExpr+bSeq );
    regBase = regData - nExpr - bSeq;
  }else{
    regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
    pParse->nMem += nBase;
  }
  sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pSort->pOrderBy, regBase, regOrigData,
                          SQLITE_ECEL_DUP|SQLITE_ECEL_REF);
  if( bSeq ){
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_Sequence, pSort->iECursor, regBase+nExpr);
  }
  if( nPrefixReg==0 ){
    sqlite3ExprCodeMove(pParse, regData, regBase+nExpr+bSeq, nData);
  }

    */
    u8 ecelFlags;
    if( eDest==SRT_Mem || eDest==SRT_Output || eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
      ecelFlags = SQLITE_ECEL_DUP;
    }else{
      ecelFlags = 0;
    }
    sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pEList, regResult, 0, ecelFlags);
  }

  /* If the DISTINCT keyword was present on the SELECT statement
  ** and this row has been seen before, then do not make this row
  ** part of the result.
  */
  if( hasDistinct ){

        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4Int(v, OP_Found, iParm+1, addr, r1, 0);
        VdbeCoverage(v);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm+1, r1);
        assert( pSort==0 );
      }
#endif
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, r1+nPrefixReg,regResult,1,nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r2 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_NewRowid, iParm, r2);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp3(v, OP_Insert, iParm, r1, r2);
        sqlite3VdbeChangeP5(v, OPFLAG_APPEND);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r2);
      }

      pDest->affSdst =
                  sqlite3CompareAffinity(pEList->a[0].pExpr, pDest->affSdst);
      if( pSort ){
        /* At first glance you would think we could optimize out the
        ** ORDER BY in this case since the order of entries in the set
        ** does not matter.  But there might be a LIMIT clause, in which
        ** case the order does matter */
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regResult, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        int r1 = sqlite3GetTempReg(pParse);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, regResult,1,r1, &pDest->affSdst, 1);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, 1);
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iParm, r1);
        sqlite3ReleaseTempReg(pParse, r1);
      }

    /* If this is a scalar select that is part of an expression, then
    ** store the results in the appropriate memory cell and break out
    ** of the scan loop.
    */
    case SRT_Mem: {
      assert( nResultCol==1 );
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regResult, 1, nPrefixReg);
      }else{
        assert( regResult==iParm );
        /* The LIMIT clause will jump out of the loop for us */
      }
      break;
    }
#endif /* #ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY */

    case SRT_Coroutine:       /* Send data to a co-routine */
    case SRT_Output: {        /* Return the results */
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Coroutine );
      testcase( eDest==SRT_Output );
      if( pSort ){
        pushOntoSorter(pParse, pSort, p, regResult, regResult, nResultCol,
                       nPrefixReg);
      }else if( eDest==SRT_Coroutine ){
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, OP_Yield, pDest->iSDParm);
      }else{
        sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_ResultRow, regResult, nResultCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(pParse, regResult, nResultCol);
      }
      break;

**
** Only the column names are computed.  Column.zType, Column.zColl,
** and other fields of Column are zeroed.
**
** Return SQLITE_OK on success.  If a memory allocation error occurs,
** store NULL in *paCol and 0 in *pnCol and return SQLITE_NOMEM.
*/
int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(
  Parse *pParse,          /* Parsing context */
  ExprList *pEList,       /* Expr list from which to derive column names */
  i16 *pnCol,             /* Write the number of columns here */
  Column **paCol          /* Write the new column list here */
){
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;   /* Database connection */
  int i, j;                   /* Loop counters */

  }
  /* The sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect() is only used n contexts where lookaside
  ** is disabled */
  assert( db->lookaside.bEnabled==0 );
  pTab->nRef = 1;
  pTab->zName = 0;
  pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
  sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSelect->pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
  selectAddColumnTypeAndCollation(pParse, pTab, pSelect);
  pTab->iPKey = -1;
  if( db->mallocFailed ){
    sqlite3DeleteTable(db, pTab);
    return 0;
  }
  return pTab;

**
**   (3) The inner query has a LIMIT clause (since the changes to the WHERE
**       close would change the meaning of the LIMIT).
**
**   (4) The inner query is the right operand of a LEFT JOIN.  (The caller
**       enforces this restriction since this routine does not have enough
**       information to know.)
**
**   (5) The WHERE clause expression originates in the ON or USING clause
**       of a LEFT JOIN.
**
** Return 0 if no changes are made and non-zero if one or more WHERE clause
** terms are duplicated into the subquery.
*/
static int pushDownWhereTerms(
  sqlite3 *db,          /* The database connection (for malloc()) */
  Select *pSubq,        /* The subquery whose WHERE clause is to be augmented */

  if( pSubq->pLimit!=0 ){
     return 0; /* restriction (3) */
  }
  while( pWhere->op==TK_AND ){
    nChng += pushDownWhereTerms(db, pSubq, pWhere->pRight, iCursor);
    pWhere = pWhere->pLeft;
  }
  if( ExprHasProperty(pWhere,EP_FromJoin) ) return 0; /* restriction 5 */
  if( sqlite3ExprIsTableConstant(pWhere, iCursor) ){
    nChng++;
    while( pSubq ){
      pNew = sqlite3ExprDup(db, pWhere, 0);
      pNew = substExpr(db, pNew, iCursor, pSubq->pEList);
      pSubq->pWhere = sqlite3ExprAnd(db, pSubq->pWhere, pNew);
      pSubq = pSubq->pPrior;

    Table *pTab;
    ExprList *pEList;
    Select *pSel;
    Select *pLeft;                /* Left-most SELECT statement */
    int bMayRecursive;            /* True if compound joined by UNION [ALL] */
    With *pSavedWith;             /* Initial value of pParse->pWith */

    /* If pCte->zCteErr is non-NULL at this point, then this is an illegal
    ** recursive reference to CTE pCte. Leave an error in pParse and return
    ** early. If pCte->zCteErr is NULL, then this is not a recursive reference.
    ** In this case, proceed.  */
    if( pCte->zCteErr ){
      sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, pCte->zCteErr, pCte->zName);
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }

    assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
    pFrom->pTab = pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
    if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
    pTab->nRef = 1;

      sqlite3ErrorMsg(
          pParse, "multiple references to recursive table: %s", pCte->zName
      );
      return SQLITE_ERROR;
    }
    assert( pTab->nRef==1 || ((pSel->selFlags&SF_Recursive) && pTab->nRef==2 ));

    pCte->zCteErr = "circular reference: %s";
    pSavedWith = pParse->pWith;
    pParse->pWith = pWith;
    sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, bMayRecursive ? pSel->pPrior : pSel);

    for(pLeft=pSel; pLeft->pPrior; pLeft=pLeft->pPrior);
    pEList = pLeft->pEList;
    if( pCte->pCols ){
      if( pEList && pEList->nExpr!=pCte->pCols->nExpr ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "table %s has %d values for %d columns",
            pCte->zName, pEList->nExpr, pCte->pCols->nExpr
        );
        pParse->pWith = pSavedWith;
        return SQLITE_ERROR;
      }
      pEList = pCte->pCols;
    }

    sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pEList, &pTab->nCol, &pTab->aCol);
    if( bMayRecursive ){
      if( pSel->selFlags & SF_Recursive ){
        pCte->zCteErr = "multiple recursive references: %s";
      }else{
        pCte->zCteErr = "recursive reference in a subquery: %s";
      }
      sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pSel);
    }
    pCte->zCteErr = 0;
    pParse->pWith = pSavedWith;
  }

  return SQLITE_OK;
}
#endif

      assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );
      if( sqlite3WalkSelect(pWalker, pSel) ) return WRC_Abort;
      pFrom->pTab = pTab = sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Table));
      if( pTab==0 ) return WRC_Abort;
      pTab->nRef = 1;
      pTab->zName = sqlite3MPrintf(db, "sqlite_sq_%p", (void*)pTab);
      while( pSel->pPrior ){ pSel = pSel->pPrior; }
      sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(pParse, pSel->pEList,&pTab->nCol,&pTab->aCol);
      pTab->iPKey = -1;
      pTab->nRowLogEst = 200; assert( 200==sqlite3LogEst(1048576) );
      pTab->tabFlags |= TF_Ephemeral;
#endif
    }else{
      /* An ordinary table or view name in the FROM clause */
      assert( pFrom->pTab==0 );

    int addrNext = 0;
    int regAgg;
    ExprList *pList = pF->pExpr->x.pList;
    assert( !ExprHasProperty(pF->pExpr, EP_xIsSelect) );
    if( pList ){
      nArg = pList->nExpr;
      regAgg = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nArg);
      sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pList, regAgg, 0, SQLITE_ECEL_DUP);
    }else{
      nArg = 0;
      regAgg = 0;
    }
    if( pF->iDistinct>=0 ){
      addrNext = sqlite3VdbeMakeLabel(v);
      testcase( nArg==0 );  /* Error condition */

          if( sAggInfo.aCol[i].iSorterColumn>=j ){
            nCol++;
            j++;
          }
        }
        regBase = sqlite3GetTempRange(pParse, nCol);
        sqlite3ExprCacheClear(pParse);
        sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(pParse, pGroupBy, regBase, 0, 0);
        j = nGroupBy;
        for(i=0; i<sAggInfo.nColumn; i++){
          struct AggInfo_col *pCol = &sAggInfo.aCol[i];
          if( pCol->iSorterColumn>=j ){
            int r1 = j + regBase;
            int r2;

    warnInmemoryDb = argc==1;
#else
    fprintf(stderr,"%s: Error: no database filename specified\n", Argv0);
    return 1;
#endif
  }
  data.out = stdout;

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_JSON1
  {
    extern int sqlite3_json_init(sqlite3*);
    sqlite3_auto_extension((void(*)(void))sqlite3_json_init);
  }
#endif

  /* Go ahead and open the database file if it already exists.  If the
  ** file does not exist, delay opening it.  This prevents empty database
  ** files from being created if a user mistypes the database name argument
  ** to the sqlite command-line tool.
  */
  if( access(data.zDbFilename, 0)==0 ){

#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMLOCK           (SQLITE_IOERR | (20<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_SHMMAP            (SQLITE_IOERR | (21<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_SEEK              (SQLITE_IOERR | (22<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_DELETE_NOENT      (SQLITE_IOERR | (23<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_MMAP              (SQLITE_IOERR | (24<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_GETTEMPPATH       (SQLITE_IOERR | (25<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_CONVPATH          (SQLITE_IOERR | (26<<8))
#define SQLITE_IOERR_VNODE             (SQLITE_IOERR | (27<<8))
#define SQLITE_LOCKED_SHAREDCACHE      (SQLITE_LOCKED |  (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_BUSY_RECOVERY           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_BUSY_SNAPSHOT           (SQLITE_BUSY   |  (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_NOTEMPDIR      (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (1<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_ISDIR          (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (2<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_FULLPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (3<<8))
#define SQLITE_CANTOPEN_CONVPATH       (SQLITE_CANTOPEN | (4<<8))

#define sqlite3_value_numeric_type     sqlite3_api->value_numeric_type
#define sqlite3_value_text             sqlite3_api->value_text
#define sqlite3_value_text16           sqlite3_api->value_text16
#define sqlite3_value_text16be         sqlite3_api->value_text16be
#define sqlite3_value_text16le         sqlite3_api->value_text16le
#define sqlite3_value_type             sqlite3_api->value_type
#define sqlite3_vmprintf               sqlite3_api->vmprintf
#define sqlite3_vsnprintf              sqlite3_api->vsnprintf
#define sqlite3_overload_function      sqlite3_api->overload_function
#define sqlite3_prepare_v2             sqlite3_api->prepare_v2
#define sqlite3_prepare16_v2           sqlite3_api->prepare16_v2
#define sqlite3_clear_bindings         sqlite3_api->clear_bindings
#define sqlite3_bind_zeroblob          sqlite3_api->bind_zeroblob
#define sqlite3_blob_bytes             sqlite3_api->blob_bytes
#define sqlite3_blob_close             sqlite3_api->blob_close

};

/*
** A sort order can be either ASC or DESC.
*/
#define SQLITE_SO_ASC       0  /* Sort in ascending order */
#define SQLITE_SO_DESC      1  /* Sort in ascending order */
#define SQLITE_SO_UNDEFINED -1 /* No sort order specified */

/*
** Column affinity types.
**
** These used to have mnemonic name like 'i' for SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER and
** 't' for SQLITE_AFF_TEXT.  But we can save a little space and improve
** the speed a little by numbering the values consecutively.  

struct Table {
  char *zName;         /* Name of the table or view */
  Column *aCol;        /* Information about each column */
  Index *pIndex;       /* List of SQL indexes on this table. */
  Select *pSelect;     /* NULL for tables.  Points to definition if a view. */
  FKey *pFKey;         /* Linked list of all foreign keys in this table */
  char *zColAff;       /* String defining the affinity of each column */

  ExprList *pCheck;    /* All CHECK constraints */

                       /*   ... also used as column name list in a VIEW */
  int tnum;            /* Root BTree page for this table */
  i16 iPKey;           /* If not negative, use aCol[iPKey] as the rowid */
  i16 nCol;            /* Number of columns in this table */
  u16 nRef;            /* Number of pointers to this Table */
  LogEst nRowLogEst;   /* Estimated rows in table - from sqlite_stat1 table */
  LogEst szTabRow;     /* Estimated size of each table row in bytes */
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_COSTMULT

struct With {
  int nCte;                       /* Number of CTEs in the WITH clause */
  With *pOuter;                   /* Containing WITH clause, or NULL */
  struct Cte {                    /* For each CTE in the WITH clause.... */
    char *zName;                    /* Name of this CTE */
    ExprList *pCols;                /* List of explicit column names, or NULL */
    Select *pSelect;                /* The definition of this CTE */
    const char *zCteErr;            /* Error message for circular references */
  } a[1];
};

#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** An instance of the TreeView object is used for printing the content of
** data structures on sqlite3DebugPrintf() using a tree-like view.

void sqlite3ExprAttachSubtrees(sqlite3*,Expr*,Expr*,Expr*);
Expr *sqlite3PExpr(Parse*, int, Expr*, Expr*, const Token*);
Expr *sqlite3ExprAnd(sqlite3*,Expr*, Expr*);
Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprListSetSortOrder(ExprList*,int);
void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse*,int);
void sqlite3CommitInternalChanges(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3DeleteColumnNames(sqlite3*,Table*);
int sqlite3ColumnsFromExprList(Parse*,ExprList*,i16*,Column**);
Table *sqlite3ResultSetOfSelect(Parse*,Select*);
void sqlite3OpenMasterTable(Parse *, int);
Index *sqlite3PrimaryKeyIndex(Table*);
i16 sqlite3ColumnOfIndex(Index*, i16);
void sqlite3StartTable(Parse*,Token*,Token*,int,int,int,int);
void sqlite3AddColumn(Parse*,Token*);
void sqlite3AddNotNull(Parse*, int);

RowSet *sqlite3RowSetInit(sqlite3*, void*, unsigned int);
void sqlite3RowSetClear(RowSet*);
void sqlite3RowSetInsert(RowSet*, i64);
int sqlite3RowSetTest(RowSet*, int iBatch, i64);
int sqlite3RowSetNext(RowSet*, i64*);

void sqlite3CreateView(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,ExprList*,Select*,int,int);

#if !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIEW) || !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_VIRTUALTABLE)
  int sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(Parse*,Table*);
#else
# define sqlite3ViewGetColumnNames(A,B) 0
#endif

void sqlite3ExprCacheAffinityChange(Parse*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprCode(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeFactorable(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeAtInit(Parse*, Expr*, int, u8);
int sqlite3ExprCodeTemp(Parse*, Expr*, int*);
int sqlite3ExprCodeTarget(Parse*, Expr*, int);
void sqlite3ExprCodeAndCache(Parse*, Expr*, int);
int sqlite3ExprCodeExprList(Parse*, ExprList*, int, int, u8);
#define SQLITE_ECEL_DUP      0x01  /* Deep, not shallow copies */
#define SQLITE_ECEL_FACTOR   0x02  /* Factor out constant terms */
#define SQLITE_ECEL_REF      0x04  /* Use ExprList.u.x.iOrderByCol */
void sqlite3ExprIfTrue(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprIfFalse(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
void sqlite3ExprIfFalseDup(Parse*, Expr*, int, int);
Table *sqlite3FindTable(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqlite3LocateTable(Parse*,int isView,const char*, const char*);
Table *sqlite3LocateTableItem(Parse*,int isView,struct SrcList_item *);
Index *sqlite3FindIndex(sqlite3*,const char*, const char*);

#define putVarint32(A,B)  \
  (u8)(((u32)(B)<(u32)0x80)?(*(A)=(unsigned char)(B)),1:\
  sqlite3PutVarint((A),(B)))
#define getVarint    sqlite3GetVarint
#define putVarint    sqlite3PutVarint


const char *sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(sqlite3*, Index*);
void sqlite3TableAffinity(Vdbe*, Table*, int);
char sqlite3CompareAffinity(Expr *pExpr, char aff2);
int sqlite3IndexAffinityOk(Expr *pExpr, char idx_affinity);
char sqlite3ExprAffinity(Expr *pExpr);
int sqlite3Atoi64(const char*, i64*, int, u8);
int sqlite3DecOrHexToI64(const char*, i64*);
void sqlite3ErrorWithMsg(sqlite3*, int, const char*,...);

){
  extern int sqlite3_amatch_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_closure_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_eval_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_fileio_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_fuzzer_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_ieee_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_json_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_nextchar_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_percentile_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_regexp_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_series_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_spellfix_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_totype_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);
  extern int sqlite3_wholenumber_init(sqlite3*,char**,const sqlite3_api_routines*);

    { "eval",                  sqlite3_eval_init                 },
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_FTS5
    { "fts5",                  sqlite3_fts5_init                 },
#endif
    { "fileio",                sqlite3_fileio_init               },
    { "fuzzer",                sqlite3_fuzzer_init               },
    { "ieee754",               sqlite3_ieee_init                 },
    { "json",                  sqlite3_json_init                 },
    { "nextchar",              sqlite3_nextchar_init             },
    { "percentile",            sqlite3_percentile_init           },
    { "regexp",                sqlite3_regexp_init               },
    { "series",                sqlite3_series_init               },
    { "spellfix",              sqlite3_spellfix_init             },
    { "totype",                sqlite3_totype_init               },
    { "wholenumber",           sqlite3_wholenumber_init          },

/*
** Generate a human-readable description of a the Select object.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 moreToFollow){
  int n = 0;
  int cnt = 0;
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  do{
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT%s%s (0x%p) selFlags=0x%x",
      ((p->selFlags & SF_Distinct) ? " DISTINCT" : ""),
      ((p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate) ? " agg_flag" : ""), p, p->selFlags
    );
    if( cnt++ ) sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    if( p->pPrior ){
      n = 1000;
    }else{
      n = 0;
      if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ) n++;
      if( p->pWhere ) n++;
      if( p->pGroupBy ) n++;
      if( p->pHaving ) n++;
      if( p->pOrderBy ) n++;
      if( p->pLimit ) n++;
      if( p->pOffset ) n++;

    }
    sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pEList, (n--)>0, "result-set");
    if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ){
      int i;
      pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, (n--)>0);
      sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "FROM");
      for(i=0; i<p->pSrc->nSrc; i++){
        struct SrcList_item *pItem = &p->pSrc->a[i];
        StrAccum x;
        char zLine[100];
        sqlite3StrAccumInit(&x, 0, zLine, sizeof(zLine), 0);
        sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, "{%d,*}", pItem->iCursor);
        if( pItem->zDatabase ){
          sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " %s.%s", pItem->zDatabase, pItem->zName);
        }else if( pItem->zName ){
          sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " %s", pItem->zName);
        }
        if( pItem->pTab ){
          sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " tabname=%Q", pItem->pTab->zName);
        }
        if( pItem->zAlias ){
          sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " (AS %s)", pItem->zAlias);
        }
        if( pItem->fg.jointype & JT_LEFT ){
          sqlite3XPrintf(&x, 0, " LEFT-JOIN");
        }
        sqlite3StrAccumFinish(&x);
        sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zLine, i<p->pSrc->nSrc-1); 
        if( pItem->pSelect ){
          sqlite3TreeViewSelect(pView, pItem->pSelect, 0);
        }
        if( pItem->fg.isTabFunc ){
          sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, pItem->u1.pFuncArg, 0, "func-args:");
        }
        sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    if( p->pWhere ){
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "WHERE", (n--)>0);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pWhere, 0);
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    if( p->pGroupBy ){
      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pGroupBy, (n--)>0, "GROUPBY");
    }
    if( p->pHaving ){
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "HAVING", (n--)>0);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pHaving, 0);
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    if( p->pOrderBy ){
      sqlite3TreeViewExprList(pView, p->pOrderBy, (n--)>0, "ORDERBY");
    }
    if( p->pLimit ){
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "LIMIT", (n--)>0);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pLimit, 0);
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    if( p->pOffset ){
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, "OFFSET", (n--)>0);
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, p->pOffset, 0);
      sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
    if( p->pPrior ){
      const char *zOp = "UNION";
      switch( p->op ){
        case TK_ALL:         zOp = "UNION ALL";  break;
        case TK_INTERSECT:   zOp = "INTERSECT";  break;
        case TK_EXCEPT:      zOp = "EXCEPT";     break;
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewItem(pView, zOp, 1);


    }
    p = p->pPrior;
  }while( p!=0 );
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}

/*
** Generate a human-readable explanation of an expression tree.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewExpr(TreeView *pView, const Expr *pExpr, u8 moreToFollow){

  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  if( zLabel==0 || zLabel[0]==0 ) zLabel = "LIST";
  if( pList==0 ){
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s (empty)", zLabel);
  }else{
    sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "%s", zLabel);
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
      int j = pList->a[i].u.x.iOrderByCol;
      if( j ){
        sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, 0);
        sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "iOrderByCol=%d", j);
      }
      sqlite3TreeViewExpr(pView, pList->a[i].pExpr, i<pList->nExpr-1);
      if( j ) sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
    }
  }
  sqlite3TreeViewPop(pView);
}

#endif /* SQLITE_DEBUG */

    }
    if( okOnePass ){
      sqlite3VdbeChangeToNoop(v, addrOpen);
      nKey = nPk;
      regKey = iPk;
    }else{
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp4(v, OP_MakeRecord, iPk, nPk, regKey,
                        sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(db, pPk), nPk);
      sqlite3VdbeAddOp2(v, OP_IdxInsert, iEph, regKey);
    }
    sqlite3WhereEnd(pWInfo);
  }

  /* Initialize the count of updated rows
  */

  u8 writeLock;              /* True if in a write transaction */
  u8 ckptLock;               /* True if holding a checkpoint lock */
  u8 readOnly;               /* WAL_RDWR, WAL_RDONLY, or WAL_SHM_RDONLY */
  u8 truncateOnCommit;       /* True to truncate WAL file on commit */
  u8 syncHeader;             /* Fsync the WAL header if true */
  u8 padToSectorBoundary;    /* Pad transactions out to the next sector */
  WalIndexHdr hdr;           /* Wal-index header for current transaction */
  u32 minFrame;              /* Ignore wal frames before this one */
  const char *zWalName;      /* Name of WAL file */
  u32 nCkpt;                 /* Checkpoint sequence counter in the wal-header */
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
  u8 lockError;              /* True if a locking error has occurred */
#endif
};

    ** that the log file may have been wrapped by a writer, or that frames
    ** that occur later in the log than pWal->hdr.mxFrame may have been
    ** copied into the database by a checkpointer. If either of these things
    ** happened, then reading the database with the current value of
    ** pWal->hdr.mxFrame risks reading a corrupted snapshot. So, retry
    ** instead.
    **
    ** Before checking that the live wal-index header has not changed
    ** since it was read, set Wal.minFrame to the first frame in the wal
    ** file that has not yet been checkpointed. This client will not need
    ** to read any frames earlier than minFrame from the wal file - they
    ** can be safely read directly from the database file.
    **
    ** Because a ShmBarrier() call is made between taking the copy of 
    ** nBackfill and checking that the wal-header in shared-memory still
    ** matches the one cached in pWal->hdr, it is guaranteed that the 
    ** checkpointer that set nBackfill was not working with a wal-index
    ** header newer than that cached in pWal->hdr. If it were, that could
    ** cause a problem. The checkpointer could omit to checkpoint
    ** a version of page X that lies before pWal->minFrame (call that version
    ** A) on the basis that there is a newer version (version B) of the same
    ** page later in the wal file. But if version B happens to like past
    ** frame pWal->hdr.mxFrame - then the client would incorrectly assume
    ** that it can read version A from the database file. However, since
    ** we can guarantee that the checkpointer that set nBackfill could not
    ** see any pages past pWal->hdr.mxFrame, this problem does not come up.
    */
    pWal->minFrame = pInfo->nBackfill+1;
    walShmBarrier(pWal);
    if( pInfo->aReadMark[mxI]!=mxReadMark
     || memcmp((void *)walIndexHdr(pWal), &pWal->hdr, sizeof(WalIndexHdr))
    ){
      walUnlockShared(pWal, WAL_READ_LOCK(mxI));
      return WAL_RETRY;
    }else{

  Wal *pWal,                      /* WAL handle */
  Pgno pgno,                      /* Database page number to read data for */
  u32 *piRead                     /* OUT: Frame number (or zero) */
){
  u32 iRead = 0;                  /* If !=0, WAL frame to return data from */
  u32 iLast = pWal->hdr.mxFrame;  /* Last page in WAL for this reader */
  int iHash;                      /* Used to loop through N hash tables */
  int iMinHash;

  /* This routine is only be called from within a read transaction. */
  assert( pWal->readLock>=0 || pWal->lockError );

  /* If the "last page" field of the wal-index header snapshot is 0, then
  ** no data will be read from the wal under any circumstances. Return early
  ** in this case as an optimization.  Likewise, if pWal->readLock==0, 

  **   (aPgno[iFrame]==pgno): 
  **     This condition filters out normal hash-table collisions.
  **
  **   (iFrame<=iLast): 
  **     This condition filters out entries that were added to the hash
  **     table after the current read-transaction had started.
  */
  iMinHash = walFramePage(pWal->minFrame);
  for(iHash=walFramePage(iLast); iHash>=iMinHash && iRead==0; iHash--){
    volatile ht_slot *aHash;      /* Pointer to hash table */
    volatile u32 *aPgno;          /* Pointer to array of page numbers */
    u32 iZero;                    /* Frame number corresponding to aPgno[0] */
    int iKey;                     /* Hash slot index */
    int nCollide;                 /* Number of hash collisions remaining */
    int rc;                       /* Error code */

    rc = walHashGet(pWal, iHash, &aHash, &aPgno, &iZero);
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      return rc;
    }
    nCollide = HASHTABLE_NSLOT;
    for(iKey=walHash(pgno); aHash[iKey]; iKey=walNextHash(iKey)){
      u32 iFrame = aHash[iKey] + iZero;
      if( iFrame<=iLast && iFrame>=pWal->minFrame && aPgno[aHash[iKey]]==pgno ){
        assert( iFrame>iRead || CORRUPT_DB );
        iRead = iFrame;
      }
      if( (nCollide--)==0 ){
        return SQLITE_CORRUPT_BKPT;
      }
    }

/*
** Advance to the next WhereTerm that matches according to the criteria
** established when the pScan object was initialized by whereScanInit().
** Return NULL if there are no more matching WhereTerms.
*/
static WhereTerm *whereScanNext(WhereScan *pScan){
  int iCur;            /* The cursor on the LHS of the term */
  i16 iColumn;         /* The column on the LHS of the term.  -1 for IPK */
  Expr *pX;            /* An expression being tested */
  WhereClause *pWC;    /* Shorthand for pScan->pWC */
  WhereTerm *pTerm;    /* The term being tested */
  int k = pScan->k;    /* Where to start scanning */

  while( pScan->iEquiv<=pScan->nEquiv ){
    iCur = pScan->aiCur[pScan->iEquiv-1];
    iColumn = pScan->aiColumn[pScan->iEquiv-1];
    while( (pWC = pScan->pWC)!=0 ){
      for(pTerm=pWC->a+k; k<pWC->nTerm; k++, pTerm++){
        if( pTerm->leftCursor==iCur
         && pTerm->u.leftColumn==iColumn
         && (pScan->iEquiv<=1 || !ExprHasProperty(pTerm->pExpr, EP_FromJoin))
        ){
          if( (pTerm->eOperator & WO_EQUIV)!=0
           && pScan->nEquiv<ArraySize(pScan->aiCur)
          ){
            int j;
            pX = sqlite3ExprSkipCollate(pTerm->pExpr->pRight);
            assert( pX->op==TK_COLUMN );
            for(j=0; j<pScan->nEquiv; j++){
              if( pScan->aiCur[j]==pX->iTable
               && pScan->aiColumn[j]==pX->iColumn ){
                  break;
              }
            }
            if( j==pScan->nEquiv ){
              pScan->aiCur[j] = pX->iTable;
              pScan->aiColumn[j] = pX->iColumn;
              pScan->nEquiv++;
            }
          }
          if( (pTerm->eOperator & pScan->opMask)!=0 ){
            /* Verify the affinity and collating sequence match */
            if( pScan->zCollName && (pTerm->eOperator & WO_ISNULL)==0 ){
              CollSeq *pColl;
              Parse *pParse = pWC->pWInfo->pParse;

              if( pColl==0 ) pColl = pParse->db->pDfltColl;
              if( sqlite3StrICmp(pColl->zName, pScan->zCollName) ){
                continue;
              }
            }
            if( (pTerm->eOperator & (WO_EQ|WO_IS))!=0
             && (pX = pTerm->pExpr->pRight)->op==TK_COLUMN
             && pX->iTable==pScan->aiCur[0]
             && pX->iColumn==pScan->aiColumn[0]
            ){
              testcase( pTerm->eOperator & WO_IS );
              continue;
            }
            pScan->k = k+1;
            return pTerm;
          }
        }
      }
      pScan->pWC = pScan->pWC->pOuter;
      k = 0;
    }
    pScan->pWC = pScan->pOrigWC;
    k = 0;
    pScan->iEquiv++;
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** Initialize a WHERE clause scanner object.  Return a pointer to the
** first match.  Return NULL if there are no matches.

    pScan->zCollName = pIdx->azColl[j];
  }else{
    pScan->idxaff = 0;
    pScan->zCollName = 0;
  }
  pScan->opMask = opMask;
  pScan->k = 0;
  pScan->aiCur[0] = iCur;
  pScan->aiColumn[0] = iColumn;
  pScan->nEquiv = 1;
  pScan->iEquiv = 1;
  return whereScanNext(pScan);
}

/*
** Search for a term in the WHERE clause that is of the form "X <op> <expr>"
** where X is a reference to the iColumn of table iCur and <op> is one of
** the WO_xx operator codes specified by the op parameter.
** Return a pointer to the term.  Return 0 if not found.
**
** The term returned might by Y=<expr> if there is another constraint in
** the WHERE clause that specifies that X=Y.  Any such constraints will be
** identified by the WO_EQUIV bit in the pTerm->eOperator field.  The
** aiCur[]/iaColumn[] arrays hold X and all its equivalents. There are 11


** slots in aiCur[]/aiColumn[] so that means we can look for X plus up to 10
** other equivalent values.  Hence a search for X will return <expr> if X=A1
** and A1=A2 and A2=A3 and ... and A9=A10 and A10=<expr>.
**
** If there are multiple terms in the WHERE clause of the form "X <op> <expr>"
** then try for the one with no dependencies on <expr> - in other words where
** <expr> is a constant expression of some kind.  Only return entries of
** the form "X <op> Y" where Y is a column in another table if no terms of
** the form "X <op> <const-expr>" exist.   If no terms with a constant RHS
** exist, try to return a term that does not use WO_EQUIV.

      nRet += pTerm->truthProb;
    }else if( (pTerm->wtFlags & TERM_VNULL)==0 ){
      nRet -= 20;        assert( 20==sqlite3LogEst(4) );
    }
  }
  return nRet;
}


#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
/*
** Return the affinity for a single column of an index.
*/
static char sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(sqlite3 *db, Index *pIdx, int iCol){
  if( !pIdx->zColAff ){
    if( sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(db, pIdx)==0 ) return SQLITE_AFF_BLOB;
  }
  return pIdx->zColAff[iCol];
}
#endif


#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STAT3_OR_STAT4
/* 
** This function is called to estimate the number of rows visited by a
** range-scan on a skip-scan index. For example:
**
**   CREATE INDEX i1 ON t1(a, b, c);

  Index *p = pLoop->u.btree.pIndex;
  int nEq = pLoop->u.btree.nEq;
  sqlite3 *db = pParse->db;
  int nLower = -1;
  int nUpper = p->nSample+1;
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  int iCol = p->aiColumn[nEq];
  u8 aff = sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(db, p, iCol);
  CollSeq *pColl;
  
  sqlite3_value *p1 = 0;          /* Value extracted from pLower */
  sqlite3_value *p2 = 0;          /* Value extracted from pUpper */
  sqlite3_value *pVal = 0;        /* Value extracted from record */

  pColl = sqlite3LocateCollSeq(pParse, p->azColl[nEq]);

      int iLwrIdx = -2;   /* aSample[] for the lower bound */
      int iUprIdx = -1;   /* aSample[] for the upper bound */

      if( pRec ){
        testcase( pRec->nField!=pBuilder->nRecValid );
        pRec->nField = pBuilder->nRecValid;
      }
      aff = sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(pParse->db, p, nEq);
      assert( nEq!=p->nKeyCol || aff==SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER );



      /* Determine iLower and iUpper using ($P) only. */
      if( nEq==0 ){
        iLower = 0;
        iUpper = p->nRowEst0;
      }else{
        /* Note: this call could be optimized away - since the same values must 
        ** have been requested when testing key $P in whereEqualScanEst().  */

  /* This is an optimization only. The call to sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue()
  ** below would return the same value.  */
  if( nEq>=p->nColumn ){
    *pnRow = 1;
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  aff = sqlite3IndexColumnAffinity(pParse->db, p, nEq-1);
  rc = sqlite3Stat4ProbeSetValue(pParse, p, &pRec, pExpr, aff, nEq-1, &bOk);
  pBuilder->pRec = pRec;
  if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) return rc;
  if( bOk==0 ) return SQLITE_NOTFOUND;
  pBuilder->nRecValid = nEq;

  whereKeyStats(pParse, p, pRec, 0, a);

  WhereInfo *pWInfo = pBuilder->pWInfo;
  sqlite3 *db = pWInfo->pParse->db;

  /* If pBuilder->pOrSet is defined, then only keep track of the costs
  ** and prereqs.
  */
  if( pBuilder->pOrSet!=0 ){
    if( pTemplate->nLTerm ){
#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED
      u16 n = pBuilder->pOrSet->n;
      int x =
#endif
      whereOrInsert(pBuilder->pOrSet, pTemplate->prereq, pTemplate->rRun,
                                    pTemplate->nOut);
#if WHERETRACE_ENABLED /* 0x8 */
      if( sqlite3WhereTrace & 0x8 ){
        sqlite3DebugPrintf(x?"   or-%d:  ":"   or-X:  ", n);
        whereLoopPrint(pTemplate, pBuilder->pWC);
      }
#endif
    }
    return SQLITE_OK;
  }

  /* Look for an existing WhereLoop to replace with pTemplate
  */
  whereLoopAdjustCost(pWInfo->pLoops, pTemplate);
  ppPrev = whereLoopFindLesser(&pWInfo->pLoops, pTemplate);

  WhereClause *pWC;          /* WhereClause currently being scanned */
  char *zCollName;           /* Required collating sequence, if not NULL */
  char idxaff;               /* Must match this affinity, if zCollName!=NULL */
  unsigned char nEquiv;      /* Number of entries in aEquiv[] */
  unsigned char iEquiv;      /* Next unused slot in aEquiv[] */
  u32 opMask;                /* Acceptable operators */
  int k;                     /* Resume scanning at this->pWC->a[this->k] */
  int aiCur[11];             /* Cursors in the equivalence class */
  i16 aiColumn[11];          /* Corresponding column number in the eq-class */
};

/*
** An instance of the following structure holds all information about a
** WHERE clause.  Mostly this is a container for one or more WhereTerms.
**
** Explanation of pOuter:  For a WHERE clause of the form

  /* Figure out how many memory cells we will need then allocate them.
  */
  regBase = pParse->nMem + 1;
  nReg = pLoop->u.btree.nEq + nExtraReg;
  pParse->nMem += nReg;

  zAff = sqlite3DbStrDup(pParse->db,sqlite3IndexAffinityStr(pParse->db,pIdx));
  if( !zAff ){
    pParse->db->mallocFailed = 1;
  }

  if( nSkip ){
    int iIdxCur = pLevel->iIdxCur;
    sqlite3VdbeAddOp1(v, (bRev?OP_Last:OP_Rewind), iIdxCur);

                      pTab->zName, j);
      return;
    }
    pColRef = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_COLUMN, 0, 0, 0);
    if( pColRef==0 ) return;
    pColRef->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
    pColRef->iColumn = k++;
    pColRef->pTab = pTab;
    pTerm = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EQ, pColRef,
                         sqlite3ExprDup(pParse->db, pArgs->a[j].pExpr, 0), 0);
    whereClauseInsert(pWC, pTerm, TERM_DYNAMIC);
  }
}

  CREATE TABLE x2(b NOT NULL);
  CREATE TABLE x3(c, d);
  INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('a', NULL);
  INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('b', NULL);
  INSERT INTO x3 VALUES('c', NULL);
  SELECT * FROM x1 LEFT JOIN x2 JOIN x3 WHERE x3.d = x2.b;
} {}

# Ticket https://www.sqlite.org/src/tktview/c2a19d81652f40568c770c43 on
# 2015-08-20.  LEFT JOIN and the push-down optimization.
#
do_execsql_test join6-4.1 {
  SELECT *
  FROM (
      SELECT 'apple' fruit
      UNION ALL SELECT 'banana'
  ) a
  JOIN (
      SELECT 'apple' fruit
      UNION ALL SELECT 'banana'
  ) b ON a.fruit=b.fruit
  LEFT JOIN (
      SELECT 1 isyellow
  ) c ON b.fruit='banana';
} {apple apple {} banana banana 1}
do_execsql_test join6-4.2 {
  SELECT *
    FROM (SELECT 'apple' fruit UNION ALL SELECT 'banana')
         LEFT JOIN (SELECT 1) ON fruit='banana';
} {apple {} banana 1}

finish_test

# 2015-08-12
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements tests for JSON SQL functions extension to the
# SQLite library.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

load_static_extension db json
do_execsql_test json1-1.1 {
  SELECT json_array(1,2.5,null,'hello');
} {[1,2.5,null,"hello"]}
do_execsql_test json1-1.2 {
  SELECT hex(json_array('String "\ Test'));
} {5B22537472696E67205C225C5C2054657374225D}
do_catchsql_test json1-1.3 {
  SELECT json_array(1,2,x'abcd',3);
} {1 {JSON cannot hold BLOB values}}
do_execsql_test json1-1.4 {
  SELECT json_array(-9223372036854775808,9223372036854775807,0,1,-1,
                    0.0, 1.0, -1.0, -1e99, +2e100,
                    'one','two','three',
                    4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
                    19, NULL, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
                    'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
                    'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
                    'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ',
                    99);
} {[-9223372036854775808,9223372036854775807,0,1,-1,0.0,1.0,-1.0,-1.0e+99,2.0e+100,"one","two","three",4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,null,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ","abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ","abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwyxzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ",99]}

do_execsql_test json1-2.1 {
  SELECT json_object('a',1,'b',2.5,'c',null,'d','String Test');
} {{{"a":1,"b":2.5,"c":null,"d":"String Test"}}}
do_catchsql_test json1-2.2 {
  SELECT json_object('a',1,2,2.5);
} {1 {json_object() labels must be TEXT}}
do_catchsql_test json1-2.3 {
  SELECT json_object('a',1,'b');
} {1 {json_object() requires an even number of arguments}}
do_catchsql_test json1-2.4 {
  SELECT json_object('a',1,'b',x'abcd');
} {1 {JSON cannot hold BLOB values}}

do_execsql_test json1-3.1 {
  SELECT json_replace('{"a":1,"b":2}','$.a','[3,4,5]');
} {{{"a":"[3,4,5]","b":2}}}
do_execsql_test json1-3.2 {
  SELECT json_replace('{"a":1,"b":2}','$$.a','[3,4,5]');
} {{{"a":[3,4,5],"b":2}}}
do_execsql_test json1-3.3 {
  SELECT json_type(json_set('{"a":1,"b":2}','$.b','{"x":3,"y":4}'),'$.b');
} {text}
do_execsql_test json1-3.4 {
  SELECT json_type(json_set('{"a":1,"b":2}','$$.b','{"x":3,"y":4}'),'$.b');
} {object}

# Per rfc7159, any JSON value is allowed at the top level, and whitespace
# is permitting before and/or after that value.
#
do_execsql_test json1-4.1 {
  CREATE TABLE j1(x);
  INSERT INTO j1(x)
   VALUES('true'),('false'),('null'),('123'),('-234'),('34.5e+6'),
         ('""'),('"\""'),('"\\"'),('"abcdefghijlmnopqrstuvwxyz"'),
         ('[]'),('{}'),('[true,false,null,123,-234,34.5e+6,{},[]]'),
         ('{"a":true,"b":{"c":false}}');
  SELECT * FROM j1 WHERE NOT json_valid(x);
} {}
do_execsql_test json1-4.2 {
  SELECT * FROM j1 WHERE NOT json_valid(char(0x20,0x09,0x0a,0x0d)||x);
} {}
do_execsql_test json1-4.3 {
  SELECT * FROM j1 WHERE NOT json_valid(x||char(0x20,0x09,0x0a,0x0d));
} {}

# But an empty string, or a string of pure whitespace is not valid JSON.
#
do_execsql_test json1-4.4 {
  SELECT json_valid(''), json_valid(char(0x20,0x09,0x0a,0x0d));
} {0 0}

# json_remove() and similar functions with no edit operations return their
# input unchanged.
#
do_execsql_test json1-4.5 {
  SELECT x FROM j1 WHERE json_remove(x)<>x;
} {}
do_execsql_test json1-4.6 {
  SELECT x FROM j1 WHERE json_replace(x)<>x;
} {}
do_execsql_test json1-4.7 {
  SELECT x FROM j1 WHERE json_set(x)<>x;
} {}
do_execsql_test json1-4.8 {
  SELECT x FROM j1 WHERE json_insert(x)<>x;
} {}

# json_extract(JSON,'$') will return objects and arrays without change.
#
do_execsql_test json-4.10 {
  SELECT count(*) FROM j1 WHERE json_type(x) IN ('object','array');
  SELECT x FROM j1
   WHERE json_extract(x,'$')<>x
     AND json_type(x) IN ('object','array');
} {4}

do_execsql_test json-5.1 {
  CREATE TABLE j2(id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, json, src);
  INSERT INTO j2(id,json,src)
  VALUES(1,'{
    "firstName": "John",
    "lastName": "Smith",
    "isAlive": true,
    "age": 25,
    "address": {
      "streetAddress": "21 2nd Street",
      "city": "New York",
      "state": "NY",
      "postalCode": "10021-3100"
    },
    "phoneNumbers": [
      {
        "type": "home",
        "number": "212 555-1234"
      },
      {
        "type": "office",
        "number": "646 555-4567"
      }
    ],
    "children": [],
    "spouse": null
  }','https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSON');
  INSERT INTO j2(id,json,src)
  VALUES(2, '{
	"id": "0001",
	"type": "donut",
	"name": "Cake",
	"ppu": 0.55,
	"batters":
		{
			"batter":
				[
					{ "id": "1001", "type": "Regular" },
					{ "id": "1002", "type": "Chocolate" },
					{ "id": "1003", "type": "Blueberry" },
					{ "id": "1004", "type": "Devil''s Food" }
				]
		},
	"topping":
		[
			{ "id": "5001", "type": "None" },
			{ "id": "5002", "type": "Glazed" },
			{ "id": "5005", "type": "Sugar" },
			{ "id": "5007", "type": "Powdered Sugar" },
			{ "id": "5006", "type": "Chocolate with Sprinkles" },
			{ "id": "5003", "type": "Chocolate" },
			{ "id": "5004", "type": "Maple" }
		]
   }','https://adobe.github.io/Spry/samples/data_region/JSONDataSetSample.html');
   INSERT INTO j2(id,json,src)
   VALUES(3,'[
	{
		"id": "0001",
		"type": "donut",
		"name": "Cake",
		"ppu": 0.55,
		"batters":
			{
				"batter":
					[
						{ "id": "1001", "type": "Regular" },
						{ "id": "1002", "type": "Chocolate" },
						{ "id": "1003", "type": "Blueberry" },
						{ "id": "1004", "type": "Devil''s Food" }
					]
			},
		"topping":
			[
				{ "id": "5001", "type": "None" },
				{ "id": "5002", "type": "Glazed" },
				{ "id": "5005", "type": "Sugar" },
				{ "id": "5007", "type": "Powdered Sugar" },
				{ "id": "5006", "type": "Chocolate with Sprinkles" },
				{ "id": "5003", "type": "Chocolate" },
				{ "id": "5004", "type": "Maple" }
			]
	},
	{
		"id": "0002",
		"type": "donut",
		"name": "Raised",
		"ppu": 0.55,
		"batters":
			{
				"batter":
					[
						{ "id": "1001", "type": "Regular" }
					]
			},
		"topping":
			[
				{ "id": "5001", "type": "None" },
				{ "id": "5002", "type": "Glazed" },
				{ "id": "5005", "type": "Sugar" },
				{ "id": "5003", "type": "Chocolate" },
				{ "id": "5004", "type": "Maple" }
			]
	},
	{
		"id": "0003",
		"type": "donut",
		"name": "Old Fashioned",
		"ppu": 0.55,
		"batters":
			{
				"batter":
					[
						{ "id": "1001", "type": "Regular" },
						{ "id": "1002", "type": "Chocolate" }
					]
			},
		"topping":
			[
				{ "id": "5001", "type": "None" },
				{ "id": "5002", "type": "Glazed" },
				{ "id": "5003", "type": "Chocolate" },
				{ "id": "5004", "type": "Maple" }
			]
	}
   ]','https://adobe.github.io/Spry/samples/data_region/JSONDataSetSample.html');
   SELECT count(*) FROM j2;
} {3}

do_execsql_test json-5.2 {
  SELECT id, json_valid(json), json_type(json), '|' FROM j2 ORDER BY id;
} {1 1 object | 2 1 object | 3 1 array |}

ifcapable !vtab {
  finish_test
  return
}

# fullkey is always the same as path+key (with appropriate formatting)
#
do_execsql_test json-5.3 {
  SELECT j2.rowid, jx.rowid, fullkey, path, key
    FROM j2, json_tree(j2.json) AS jx
   WHERE fullkey!=(path || CASE WHEN typeof(key)=='integer' THEN '['||key||']'
                                ELSE '.'||key END);
} {}
do_execsql_test json-5.4 {
  SELECT j2.rowid, jx.rowid, fullkey, path, key
    FROM j2, json_each(j2.json) AS jx
   WHERE fullkey!=(path || CASE WHEN typeof(key)=='integer' THEN '['||key||']'
                                ELSE '.'||key END);
} {}


# Verify that the json_each.json and json_tree.json output is always the
# same as input.
#
do_execsql_test json-5.5 {
  SELECT j2.rowid, jx.rowid, fullkey, path, key
    FROM j2, json_each(j2.json) AS jx
   WHERE jx.json<>j2.json;
} {}
do_execsql_test json-5.6 {
  SELECT j2.rowid, jx.rowid, fullkey, path, key
    FROM j2, json_tree(j2.json) AS jx
   WHERE jx.json<>j2.json;
} {}
do_execsql_test json-5.7 {
  SELECT j2.rowid, jx.rowid, fullkey, path, key
    FROM j2, json_each(j2.json) AS jx
   WHERE jx.value<>jx.atom AND type NOT IN ('array','object');
} {}
do_execsql_test json-5.8 {
  SELECT j2.rowid, jx.rowid, fullkey, path, key
    FROM j2, json_tree(j2.json) AS jx
   WHERE jx.value<>jx.atom AND type NOT IN ('array','object');
} {}



finish_test

# 2015-08-26
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
# 
# This file seeks to verify that expressions (and especially functions)
# that are in both the ORDER BY clause and the result set are only
# evaluated once.
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl
set ::testprefix orderby9


do_execsql_test setup {
  -- create a table with many entries
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  WITH RECURSIVE
     c(x) AS (VALUES(1) UNION ALL SELECT x+1 FROM c WHERE x<100)
  INSERT INTO t1 SELECT x FROM c;
}
do_test 1.0 {
  set l1 {}
  # If random() is only evaluated once and then reused for each row, then
  # the output should appear in sorted order.  If random() is evaluated 
  # separately for the result set and the ORDER BY clause, then the output
  # order will be random.
  db eval {SELECT random() AS y FROM t1 ORDER BY 1;} {lappend l1 $y}
  expr {$l1==[lsort -int $l1]}
} {1}

do_test 1.1 {
  set l1 {}
  db eval {SELECT random() AS y FROM t1 ORDER BY random();} {lappend l1 $y}
  expr {$l1==[lsort -int $l1]}
} {1}

do_test 1.2 {
  set l1 {}
  db eval {SELECT random() AS y FROM t1 ORDER BY +random();} {lappend l1 $y}
  expr {$l1==[lsort -int $l1]}
} {0}

finish_test

# 2014-08-24
#
# The author disclaims copyright to this source code.  In place of
# a legal notice, here is a blessing:
#
#    May you do good and not evil.
#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.
# The focus of this script is testing details of the SQL language parser.
# 

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

do_catchsql_test parser1-1.1 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(
    a TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    b TEXT,
    FOREIGN KEY(b COLLATE nocase DESC) REFERENCES t1(a COLLATE binary ASC)
  );
} {1 {syntax error after column name "b"}}


# Verify that a legacy schema in the sqlite_master file is allowed to have
# COLLATE, ASC, and DESC keywords on the id list of a FK constraint, and that
# those keywords are silently ignored.
#
do_execsql_test parser1-1.2 {
  CREATE TABLE t1(
    a TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    b TEXT,
    FOREIGN KEY(b) REFERENCES t1(a)
  );
  INSERT INTO t1 VALUES('abc',NULL),('xyz','abc');
  PRAGMA writable_schema=on;
  UPDATE sqlite_master SET sql='CREATE TABLE t1(
    a TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    b TEXT,
    FOREIGN KEY(b COLLATE nocase) REFERENCES t1(a)
  )' WHERE name='t1';
  SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE sql LIKE '%collate%';
} {t1}
sqlite3 db2 test.db
do_test parser1-1.3 {
  sqlite3 db2 test.db
  db2 eval {SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY 1}
} {abc {} xyz abc}
db2 close

do_execsql_test parser1-1.4 {
  UPDATE sqlite_master SET sql='CREATE TABLE t1(
    a TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
    b TEXT,
    FOREIGN KEY(b ASC) REFERENCES t1(a)
  )' WHERE name='t1';
  SELECT name FROM sqlite_master WHERE sql LIKE '%ASC%';
} {t1}
sqlite3 db2 test.db
do_test parser1-1.5 {
  sqlite3 db2 test.db
  db2 eval {SELECT * FROM t1 ORDER BY 1}
} {abc {} xyz abc}
db2 close

do_catchsql_test parser1-2.1 {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    c(x COLLATE binary) AS (VALUES(1) UNION SELECT x+1 FROM c WHERE x<5)
  SELECT x FROM c;
} {1 {syntax error after column name "x"}}
do_catchsql_test parser1-2.2 {
  WITH RECURSIVE
    c(x ASC) AS (VALUES(1) UNION SELECT x+1 FROM c WHERE x<5)
  SELECT x FROM c;
} {1 {syntax error after column name "x"}}

finish_test

  INSERT INTO t1(x) VALUES(2),(3);
  SELECT *, '|' FROM t1, generate_series(1,x) ORDER BY 1, 2
} {2 1 | 2 2 | 3 1 | 3 2 | 3 3 |}

do_execsql_test tabfunc01-2.2 {
  SELECT * FROM generate_series() LIMIT 5;
} {0 1 2 3 4}

do_execsql_test tabfunc01-3.1 {
  SELECT DISTINCT value FROM generate_series(1,x), t1 ORDER BY 1;
} {1 2 3}


finish_test

} {xyz 2 pqr 7 c-b 1}
do_test view-3.3.2 {
  execsql2 {
    CREATE VIEW v1b AS SELECT t1.a, b+c, t1.c FROM t1;
    SELECT * FROM v1b LIMIT 1
  }
} {a 2 b+c 7 c 4}
do_test view-3.3.3 {
  execsql2 {
    CREATE VIEW v1c(x,y,z) AS SELECT a, b+c, c-b FROM t1;
    SELECT * FROM v1c LIMIT 1;
  }
} {x 2 y 7 z 1}
do_catchsql_test view-3.3.4 {
  CREATE VIEW v1err(x,y DESC,z) AS SELECT a, b+c, c-b FROM t1;
} {1 {syntax error after column name "y"}}

ifcapable compound {
do_test  view-3.4 {
  execsql2 {
    CREATE VIEW v3 AS SELECT a FROM t1 UNION SELECT b FROM t1 ORDER BY b;
    SELECT * FROM v3 LIMIT 4;
  }

  sqlite3 db test.db
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM v6 ORDER BY xyz;
  }
} {7 2 13 5 19 8 27 12}
do_test view-8.3 {
  execsql {
    CREATE VIEW v7(a) AS SELECT pqr+xyz FROM v6;
    SELECT * FROM v7 ORDER BY a;
  }
} {9 18 27 39}

ifcapable subquery {
  do_test view-8.4 {
    execsql {

} {}

db eval {SELECT test4('3.3.2')}

do_test 3.x {
  db2 close
} {}

#-------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check that if a wal file has been partially checkpointed, no frames are
# read from the checkpointed part.
#
reset_db
do_execsql_test 4.1 {
  PRAGMA page_size = 1024;
  PRAGMA journal_mode = wal;
  CREATE TABLE t1(a, b);
  CREATE TABLE t2(a, b);
  PRAGMA wal_checkpoint = truncate;
} {wal 0 0 0}

do_test 4.2 {
  execsql { INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1, 2) }
  file size test.db-wal
} [wal_file_size 1 1024]

do_test 4.3 {
  sqlite3 db2 test.db
  execsql { 
    BEGIN;
    INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(3, 4);
  }
  execsql { PRAGMA wal_checkpoint = passive } db2
} {0 1 1}

do_test 4.3 {
  execsql { COMMIT }
  db2 close
  hexio_write test.db-wal 0 [string repeat 00 2000]
  sqlite3 db2 test.db
} {}

do_test 4.4.1 { 
  catchsql { SELECT * FROM t1 } db2 
} {0 {1 2}}
do_test 4.4.2 { 
  catchsql { SELECT * FROM t2 } db2 
} {1 {database disk image is malformed}}


finish_test

do_test where2-6.3 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE w=99 OR w=100 OR 6=+w ORDER BY +w
  }
} {6 2 49 51 99 6 10000 10006 100 6 10201 10207 sort t1 *}
do_test where2-6.4 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 WHERE w=99 OR +w=100 OR 6=w ORDER BY +w
  }
} {6 2 49 51 | 99 6 10000 10006 | 100 6 10201 10207 | sort t1 *}
do_test where2-6.5 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT *, '|' FROM t1 WHERE w=99 OR y=10201 OR 6=w ORDER BY +w
  }
} {6 2 49 51 | 99 6 10000 10006 | 100 6 10201 10207 | sort t1 *}

set ::idx {}
ifcapable subquery {set ::idx i1zyx}
do_test where2-6.5 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT b.* FROM t1 a, t1 b
     WHERE a.w=1 AND (a.y=b.z OR b.z=10)

do_execsql_test  4.2 [genstmt 10] 1
do_execsql_test  4.3 [genstmt 100] 1
do_execsql_test  4.4 [genstmt 255] 1
set nLimit [sqlite3_limit db SQLITE_LIMIT_COLUMN -1]
do_execsql_test  4.5 [genstmt [expr $nLimit-1]] 1
do_execsql_test  4.6 [genstmt $nLimit] 1
do_catchsql_test 4.7 [genstmt [expr $nLimit+1]] \
  {1 {too many columns in result set}}

#---------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Check that adding a WITH clause to an INSERT disables the xfer 
# optimization.
#
proc do_xfer_test {tn bXfer sql {res {}}} {
  set ::sqlite3_xferopt_count 0

    SELECT a+1 FROM q, v WHERE a<5
  )
  SELECT * FROM q;
} {1 2 3 4 5}


finish_test

  REM NOTE: If the Universal CRT library path has already been set, do not set
  REM       it to something else later on.
  REM
  IF NOT DEFINED NUCRTLIBPATH (
    SET SET_NUCRTLIBPATH=1
  )
)

REM
REM NOTE: This is the name of the sub-directory where the UCRT libraries may
REM       be found.  It is only used when compiling against the UCRT.
REM
IF DEFINED UCRTVersion (
  SET NUCRTVER=%UCRTVersion%
) ELSE (
  SET NUCRTVER=10.0.10240.0
)

REM
REM NOTE: This is the name of the sub-directory where the Windows 10.0 SDK
REM       libraries may be found.  It is only used when compiling with the
REM       Windows 10.0 SDK.
REM
IF DEFINED WindowsSDKLibVersion (
  SET WIN10SDKVER=%WindowsSDKLibVersion:\=%
) ELSE (
  SET WIN10SDKVER=%NUCRTVER%
)

REM
REM NOTE: Check if this is the Windows Phone SDK.  If so, a different batch
REM       file is necessary to setup the build environment.  Since the variable
REM       values involved here may contain parenthesis, using GOTO instead of
REM       an IF block is required.
REM

    REM
    REM NOTE: Attempt to clean the environment of all variables used by MSVC
    REM       and/or Visual Studio.  This block may need to be updated in the
    REM       future to account for additional environment variables.
    REM
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable CommandPromptType
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable DevEnvDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable DNX_HOME
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable ExtensionSdkDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable Framework35Version
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable Framework40Version
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkDir32
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkVersion
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FrameworkVersion32
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable FSHARPINSTALLDIR
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable INCLUDE
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable LIB
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable LIBPATH
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable NETFXSDKDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable Platform
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable UCRTVersion
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable UniversalCRTSdkDir
    REM CALL :fn_UnsetVariable VCINSTALLDIR
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable VSINSTALLDIR
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsLibPath
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsPhoneKitDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSdkDir
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSdkDir_35
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSdkDir_old
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSDKLibVersion
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSDKVersion
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSDK_ExecutablePath_x86
    CALL :fn_UnsetVariable WindowsSDK_ExecutablePath_x64

    REM
    REM NOTE: Reset the PATH here to the absolute bare minimum required.
    REM
    SET PATH=%TOOLPATH%;%SystemRoot%\System32;%SystemRoot%

            CALL :fn_CopyVariable WindowsSdkDir NSDKLIBPATH

            REM
            REM NOTE: The Windows 8.x and Windows 10.0 SDKs have a slightly
            REM       different directory naming conventions.
            REM
            IF DEFINED USE_WINV100_NSDKLIBPATH (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \..\10\lib\%WIN10SDKVER%\um\x86
              CALL :fn_CopyVariable WindowsSdkDir PSDKLIBPATH
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable PSDKLIBPATH lib\%WIN10SDKVER%\um\%%D
            ) ELSE IF DEFINED USE_WINV63_NSDKLIBPATH (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \lib\winv6.3\um\x86
            ) ELSE IF "%VisualStudioVersion%" == "12.0" (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \..\8.0\lib\win8\um\x86
            ) ELSE IF "%VisualStudioVersion%" == "14.0" (
              CALL :fn_AppendVariable NSDKLIBPATH \..\8.0\lib\win8\um\x86
            ) ELSE (

        REM       each iteration because it relies upon the UniversalCRTSdkDir
        REM       environment variable being set by the batch file used to
        REM       setup the MSVC environment.
        REM
        IF DEFINED SET_NUCRTLIBPATH (
          IF DEFINED UniversalCRTSdkDir (
            CALL :fn_CopyVariable UniversalCRTSdkDir NUCRTLIBPATH
            CALL :fn_AppendVariable NUCRTLIBPATH \lib\%NUCRTVER%\ucrt\x86
          )
        )

        REM
        REM NOTE: Unless prevented from doing so, invoke NMAKE with the MSVC
        REM       makefile to clean any stale build output from previous
        REM       iterations of this loop and/or previous runs of this batch