** Run one or more SQL statements contained in zSql against database dbRun.
** Store the input in database dbOut.
*/
static int optfuzz_exec(
  sqlite3 *dbRun,             /* The database on which the SQL executes */
  const char *zSql,           /* The SQL to be executed */
  sqlite3 *dbOut,             /* Store results in this database */
  const char *zOutTab         /* Store results in this table of dbOut */



){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;         /* Return code */
  const char *zLeftover;      /* Tail of unprocessed SQL */
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;    /* The current SQL statement */
  sqlite3_stmt *pIns = 0;     /* Statement to insert into dbOut */
  const char *zCol;           /* Single column value */
  int nCol;                   /* Number of output columns */
  char zLine[4000];           /* Complete row value */

  run_sql(dbOut, "BEGIN");
  run_sql(dbOut, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS staging(x TEXT);");
  run_sql(dbOut, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS \"w\"(x TEXT);", zOutTab);
  pIns = prepare_sql(dbOut, "INSERT INTO staging(x) VALUES(?1)");

  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && zSql[0] ){

    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbRun, zSql, -1, &pStmt, &zLeftover);

    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pStmt==0 );
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ) break;



    if( !pStmt ) continue;

    nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
    run_sql(dbOut, "DELETE FROM staging;");
    while( 1 ){

      int i, j;
      rc = sqlite3_step(pStmt);
      for(i=j=0; i<nCol && j<sizeof(zLine)-50; i++){
        int eType = sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, i);
        if( eType==SQLITE_NULL ){
          zCol = "NULL";
        }else{
          zCol = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, i);
        }
................................................................................
      }
      /* Detect if any row is too large and throw an error, because we will
      ** want to go back and look more closely at that case */
      if( j>=sizeof(zLine)-100 ){
        printf("Excessively long output line: %d bytes\n" ,j);
        exit(1);
      }




      sqlite3_bind_text(pIns, 1, zLine, j, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      rc = sqlite3_step(pIns);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_DONE );
      sqlite3_reset(pIns);
    }
    run_sql(dbOut,
      "INSERT INTO \"%w\"(x) VALUES('### %q ###')",
      sqlite3_sql(pStmt)
    );
    run_sql(dbOut, 
      "INSERT INTO \"%w\"(x) SELECT group_concat(x,char(10))"
      "  FROM staging ORDER BY x",
      zOutTab
    );
    run_sql(dbOut, "COMMIT");
    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
    pStmt = 0;
    zSql = zLeftover;
  }
  sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
  sqlite3_finalize(pIns);
  return rc;
}

/*
................................................................................
}

int main(int argc, char **argv){
  int nIn = 0;               /* Number of input files */
  char **azIn = 0;           /* Names of input files */
  sqlite3 *dbOut = 0;        /* Database to hold results */
  sqlite3 *dbRun = 0;        /* Database used for tests */


  int i, rc;

  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
    const char *z = argv[i];
    if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;
    if( strcmp(z,"-help")==0 ){
      printf("Usage: %s FILENAME ...\n", argv[0]);



      return 0;



    }
    else if( z[0]=='-' ){
      printf("unknown option \"%s\".  Use --help for details\n", argv[i]);
      return 1;
    }
    else {
      nIn++;
................................................................................
  sqlite3_open(":memory:", &dbRun);
  sqlite3_deserialize(dbRun, "main", data001, sizeof(data001),
                      sizeof(data001), SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY);
  for(i=0; i<nIn; i++){
    char *zSql = readFile(azIn[i], 0);
    sqlite3_stmt *pCk;
    sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, dbRun, 0);

    rc = optfuzz_exec(dbRun, zSql, dbOut, "opt");
    if( rc==SQLITE_OK ){



      sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, dbRun, 0xffff);

      rc = optfuzz_exec(dbRun, zSql, dbOut, "noopt");
      if( rc ){

        printf("Non-optimized run failed.  Error: %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(dbRun));
        exit(1);
      }
      pCk = prepare_sql(dbOut,
           "SELECT (SELECT group_concat(x) FROM opt)=="
           "       (SELECT group_concat(x) FROM noopt)");
      rc = sqlite3_step(pCk);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
        printf("Comparison failed. %s\n", sqlite3_errmsg(dbOut));
        exit(1);
      }
      if( !sqlite3_column_int(pCk, 0) ){
        printf("Opt/no-opt outputs differ for %s\n", azIn[i]);








        exit(1);


      }
      sqlite3_finalize(pCk);
    }
    sqlite3_free(zSql);
  }
  sqlite3_close(dbRun);
  sqlite3_close(dbOut);    

** Run one or more SQL statements contained in zSql against database dbRun.
** Store the input in database dbOut.
*/
static int optfuzz_exec(
  sqlite3 *dbRun,             /* The database on which the SQL executes */
  const char *zSql,           /* The SQL to be executed */
  sqlite3 *dbOut,             /* Store results in this database */
  const char *zOutTab,        /* Store results in this table of dbOut */
  int *pnStmt,                /* Write the number of statements here */
  int *pnRow,                 /* Write the number of rows here */
  int bTrace                  /* Print query results if true */
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;         /* Return code */
  const char *zLeftover;      /* Tail of unprocessed SQL */
  sqlite3_stmt *pStmt = 0;    /* The current SQL statement */
  sqlite3_stmt *pIns = 0;     /* Statement to insert into dbOut */
  const char *zCol;           /* Single column value */
  int nCol;                   /* Number of output columns */
  char zLine[4000];           /* Complete row value */

  run_sql(dbOut, "BEGIN");
  run_sql(dbOut, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS staging(x TEXT)");
  run_sql(dbOut, "CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS \"%w\"(x TEXT)", zOutTab);
  pIns = prepare_sql(dbOut, "INSERT INTO staging(x) VALUES(?1)");
  *pnRow = *pnStmt = 0;
  while( rc==SQLITE_OK && zSql && zSql[0] ){
    zLeftover = 0;
    rc = sqlite3_prepare_v2(dbRun, zSql, -1, &pStmt, &zLeftover);
    zSql = zLeftover;
    assert( rc==SQLITE_OK || pStmt==0 );
    if( rc!=SQLITE_OK ){
      printf("Error with [%s]\n%s\n", zSql, sqlite3_errmsg(dbRun));
      break;
    }
    if( !pStmt ) continue;
    (*pnStmt)++;
    nCol = sqlite3_column_count(pStmt);
    run_sql(dbOut, "DELETE FROM staging;");

    while( sqlite3_step(pStmt)==SQLITE_ROW ){
      int i, j;

      for(i=j=0; i<nCol && j<sizeof(zLine)-50; i++){
        int eType = sqlite3_column_type(pStmt, i);
        if( eType==SQLITE_NULL ){
          zCol = "NULL";
        }else{
          zCol = (const char*)sqlite3_column_text(pStmt, i);
        }
................................................................................
      }
      /* Detect if any row is too large and throw an error, because we will
      ** want to go back and look more closely at that case */
      if( j>=sizeof(zLine)-100 ){
        printf("Excessively long output line: %d bytes\n" ,j);
        exit(1);
      }
      if( bTrace ){
        printf("%s\n", zLine);
      }
      (*pnRow)++;
      sqlite3_bind_text(pIns, 1, zLine, j, SQLITE_TRANSIENT);
      rc = sqlite3_step(pIns);
      assert( rc==SQLITE_DONE );
      rc = sqlite3_reset(pIns);
    }
    run_sql(dbOut,
      "INSERT INTO \"%w\"(x) VALUES('### %q ###')",
      zOutTab, sqlite3_sql(pStmt)
    );
    run_sql(dbOut, 
      "INSERT INTO \"%w\"(x) SELECT group_concat(x,char(10))"
      "  FROM (SELECT x FROM staging ORDER BY x)",
      zOutTab
    );
    run_sql(dbOut, "COMMIT");
    sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
    pStmt = 0;

  }
  sqlite3_finalize(pStmt);
  sqlite3_finalize(pIns);
  return rc;
}

/*
................................................................................
}

int main(int argc, char **argv){
  int nIn = 0;               /* Number of input files */
  char **azIn = 0;           /* Names of input files */
  sqlite3 *dbOut = 0;        /* Database to hold results */
  sqlite3 *dbRun = 0;        /* Database used for tests */
  int bTrace = 0;            /* Show query results */
  int nRow, nStmt;           /* Number of rows and statements */
  int i, rc;

  for(i=1; i<argc; i++){
    const char *z = argv[i];
    if( z[0]=='-' && z[1]=='-' ) z++;
    if( strcmp(z,"-help")==0 ){
      printf("Usage: %s [OPTIONS] FILENAME ...\n", argv[0]);
      printf("Options:\n");
      printf("  --help               Show his message\n");
      printf("  --output-trace       Show each line of SQL output\n");
      return 0;
    }
    else if( strcmp(z,"-output-trace")==0 ){
      bTrace = 1;
    }
    else if( z[0]=='-' ){
      printf("unknown option \"%s\".  Use --help for details\n", argv[i]);
      return 1;
    }
    else {
      nIn++;
................................................................................
  sqlite3_open(":memory:", &dbRun);
  sqlite3_deserialize(dbRun, "main", data001, sizeof(data001),
                      sizeof(data001), SQLITE_DESERIALIZE_READONLY);
  for(i=0; i<nIn; i++){
    char *zSql = readFile(azIn[i], 0);
    sqlite3_stmt *pCk;
    sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, dbRun, 0);
    if( bTrace ) printf("%s: Optimized\n", azIn[i]);
    rc = optfuzz_exec(dbRun, zSql, dbOut, "opt", &nStmt, &nRow, bTrace);
    if( rc ){
      printf("%s: optimized run failed: %s\n",
            azIn[i], sqlite3_errmsg(dbRun));
    }else{
      sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS, dbRun, 0xffff);
      if( bTrace ) printf("%s: Non-optimized\n", azIn[i]);
      rc = optfuzz_exec(dbRun, zSql, dbOut, "noopt", &nStmt, &nRow, bTrace);
      if( rc ){
        printf("%s: non-optimized run failed: %s\n",
              azIn[i], sqlite3_errmsg(dbRun));
        exit(1);
      }
      pCk = prepare_sql(dbOut,
           "SELECT (SELECT group_concat(x,char(10)) FROM opt)=="
           "       (SELECT group_concat(x,char(10)) FROM noopt)");
      rc = sqlite3_step(pCk);
      if( rc!=SQLITE_ROW ){
        printf("%s: comparison failed\n", sqlite3_errmsg(dbOut));
        exit(1);
      }
      if( !sqlite3_column_int(pCk, 0) ){
        printf("%s: opt/no-opt outputs differ\n", azIn[i]);
        pCk = prepare_sql(dbOut,
           "SELECT group_concat(x,char(10)) FROM opt "
           "UNION ALL "
           "SELECT group_concat(x,char(10)) FROM noopt");
        sqlite3_step(pCk);
        printf("opt:\n%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pCk,0));
        sqlite3_step(pCk);
        printf("noopt:\n%s\n", sqlite3_column_text(pCk,0));
        exit(1);
      }else{
        printf("%s: %d stmts %d rows ok\n", azIn[i], nStmt, nRow);
      }
      sqlite3_finalize(pCk);
    }
    sqlite3_free(zSql);
  }
  sqlite3_close(dbRun);
  sqlite3_close(dbOut);