return pOta->nProgress;
}

/**************************************************************************
** Beginning of OTA VFS shim methods. The VFS shim modifies the behaviour
** of a standard VFS in the following ways:
**
**   1. Whenever the first page of an OTA target database file is read or 
**      written, the value of the change-counter cookie is stored in
**      sqlite3ota.iCookie. This ensures that, so long as a read transaction
**      is held on the db file, the value of sqlite3ota.iCookie matches
**      that stored on disk.
**
**   2. When the ota handle is in OTA_STAGE_OAL or OTA_STAGE_CKPT state, all
**      EXCLUSIVE lock attempts on the target database fail. This prevents
**      sqlite3_close() from running an automatic checkpoint. Until the
**      ota handle reaches OTA_STAGE_DONE - at that point the automatic
**      checkpoint may be required to delete the *-wal file.
**
**   3. In OTA_STAGE_OAL, the *-shm file is stored in memory. All xShmLock()
**      calls are noops.
**
**   4. In OTA_STAGE_OAL mode, when SQLite calls xAccess() to check if a
**      *-wal file associated with the target database exists, the following
**      special handling applies:
**
**        a) if the *-wal file does exist, return SQLITE_CANTOPEN. An OTA
**           target database may not be in wal mode already.
................................................................................
  for(i=0; i<p->nShm; i++){
    sqlite3_free(p->apShm[i]);
  }
  sqlite3_free(p->apShm);
  p->apShm = 0;
  sqlite3_free(p->zDel);


  rc = p->pReal->pMethods->xClose(p->pReal);
  return rc;
}


/*
** Read and return an unsigned 32-bit big-endian integer from the buffer 

  return pOta->nProgress;
}

/**************************************************************************
** Beginning of OTA VFS shim methods. The VFS shim modifies the behaviour
** of a standard VFS in the following ways:
**
**   1. Whenever the first page of a main database file is read or 
**      written, the value of the change-counter cookie is stored in
**      ota_file.iCookie. Similarly, the value of the "write-version"
**      database header field is stored in ota_file.iWriteVer. This ensures
**      that the values are always trustworthy within an open transaction.
**
**   2. When the ota handle is in OTA_STAGE_OAL or OTA_STAGE_CKPT state, all
**      EXCLUSIVE lock attempts on the target database fail. This prevents
**      sqlite3_close() from running an automatic checkpoint. Until the
**      ota handle reaches OTA_STAGE_DONE - at that point the automatic
**      checkpoint may be required to delete the *-wal file.
**
**   3. In OTA_STAGE_OAL, the *-shm file is stored in memory. All xShmLock()
**      calls are noops. This is just an optimization.
**
**   4. In OTA_STAGE_OAL mode, when SQLite calls xAccess() to check if a
**      *-wal file associated with the target database exists, the following
**      special handling applies:
**
**        a) if the *-wal file does exist, return SQLITE_CANTOPEN. An OTA
**           target database may not be in wal mode already.
................................................................................
  for(i=0; i<p->nShm; i++){
    sqlite3_free(p->apShm[i]);
  }
  sqlite3_free(p->apShm);
  p->apShm = 0;
  sqlite3_free(p->zDel);

  /* Close the underlying file handle */
  rc = p->pReal->pMethods->xClose(p->pReal);
  return rc;
}


/*
** Read and return an unsigned 32-bit big-endian integer from the buffer 

  pWhereRowid = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0, 0);
  if( pWhereRowid == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_1;
  pInClause = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pWhereRowid, 0, 0);
  if( pInClause == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_1;

  pInClause->x.pSelect = pSelect;
  pInClause->flags |= EP_xIsSelect;
  sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, pInClause);
  return pInClause;

  /* something went wrong. clean up anything allocated. */
limit_where_cleanup_1:
  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, pSelect);
  return 0;

  pWhereRowid = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_ROW, 0, 0, 0);
  if( pWhereRowid == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_1;
  pInClause = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, pWhereRowid, 0, 0);
  if( pInClause == 0 ) goto limit_where_cleanup_1;

  pInClause->x.pSelect = pSelect;
  pInClause->flags |= EP_xIsSelect;
  sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, pInClause);
  return pInClause;

  /* something went wrong. clean up anything allocated. */
limit_where_cleanup_1:
  sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, pSelect);
  return 0;

      if( j>=0 ){
        const char *zColl = p->pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
        pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
      }
      break;
    }
    if( p->flags & EP_Collate ){
      if( ALWAYS(p->pLeft) && (p->pLeft->flags & EP_Collate)!=0 ){
        p = p->pLeft;
      }else{
        p = p->pRight;















      }
    }else{
      break;
    }
  }
  if( sqlite3CheckCollSeq(pParse, pColl) ){ 
    pColl = 0;
................................................................................

/*
** Set the Expr.nHeight variable in the structure passed as an 
** argument. An expression with no children, Expr.pList or 
** Expr.pSelect member has a height of 1. Any other expression
** has a height equal to the maximum height of any other 
** referenced Expr plus one.



*/
static void exprSetHeight(Expr *p){
  int nHeight = 0;
  heightOfExpr(p->pLeft, &nHeight);
  heightOfExpr(p->pRight, &nHeight);
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    heightOfSelect(p->x.pSelect, &nHeight);
  }else{
    heightOfExprList(p->x.pList, &nHeight);

  }
  p->nHeight = nHeight + 1;
}

/*
** Set the Expr.nHeight variable using the exprSetHeight() function. If
** the height is greater than the maximum allowed expression depth,
** leave an error in pParse.



*/
void sqlite3ExprSetHeight(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
  exprSetHeight(p);
  sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(pParse, p->nHeight);
}

/*
** Return the maximum height of any expression tree referenced
** by the select statement passed as an argument.
*/
int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *p){
  int nHeight = 0;
  heightOfSelect(p, &nHeight);
  return nHeight;
}
#else









  #define exprSetHeight(y)
#endif /* SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0 */

/*
** This routine is the core allocator for Expr nodes.
**
** Construct a new expression node and return a pointer to it.  Memory
** for this node and for the pToken argument is a single allocation
................................................................................
  if( pRoot==0 ){
    assert( db->mallocFailed );
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pLeft);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pRight);
  }else{
    if( pRight ){
      pRoot->pRight = pRight;
      pRoot->flags |= EP_Collate & pRight->flags;
    }
    if( pLeft ){
      pRoot->pLeft = pLeft;
      pRoot->flags |= EP_Collate & pLeft->flags;
    }
    exprSetHeight(pRoot);
  }
}

/*
** Allocate an Expr node which joins as many as two subtrees.
................................................................................
  pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_FUNCTION, pToken, 1);
  if( pNew==0 ){
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList); /* Avoid memory leak when malloc fails */
    return 0;
  }
  pNew->x.pList = pList;
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
  sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, pNew);
  return pNew;
}

/*
** Assign a variable number to an expression that encodes a wildcard
** in the original SQL statement.  
**
................................................................................
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pExpr);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zSpan);
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList->a);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
}
















/*
** These routines are Walker callbacks used to check expressions to
** see if they are "constant" for some definition of constant.  The
** Walker.eCode value determines the type of "constant" we are looking
** for.
**
................................................................................
  }

  switch( pExpr->op ){
    /* Consider functions to be constant if all their arguments are constant
    ** and either pWalker->eCode==4 or 5 or the function has the
    ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONST flag. */
    case TK_FUNCTION:
      if( pWalker->eCode>=4 || ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_Constant) ){
        return WRC_Continue;
      }else{
        pWalker->eCode = 0;
        return WRC_Abort;
      }
    case TK_ID:
    case TK_COLUMN:

      if( j>=0 ){
        const char *zColl = p->pTab->aCol[j].zColl;
        pColl = sqlite3FindCollSeq(db, ENC(db), zColl, 0);
      }
      break;
    }
    if( p->flags & EP_Collate ){
      if( p->pLeft && (p->pLeft->flags & EP_Collate)!=0 ){
        p = p->pLeft;
      }else{
        Expr *pNext  = p->pRight;
        /* The Expr.x union is never used at the same time as Expr.pRight */
        assert( p->x.pList==0 || p->pRight==0 );
        /* p->flags holds EP_Collate and p->pLeft->flags does not.  And
        ** p->x.pSelect cannot.  So if p->x.pLeft exists, it must hold at
        ** least one EP_Collate. Thus the following two ALWAYS. */
        if( p->x.pList!=0 && ALWAYS(!ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect)) ){
          int i;
          for(i=0; ALWAYS(i<p->x.pList->nExpr); i++){
            if( ExprHasProperty(p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr, EP_Collate) ){
              pNext = p->x.pList->a[i].pExpr;
              break;
            }
          }
        }
        p = pNext;
      }
    }else{
      break;
    }
  }
  if( sqlite3CheckCollSeq(pParse, pColl) ){ 
    pColl = 0;
................................................................................

/*
** Set the Expr.nHeight variable in the structure passed as an 
** argument. An expression with no children, Expr.pList or 
** Expr.pSelect member has a height of 1. Any other expression
** has a height equal to the maximum height of any other 
** referenced Expr plus one.
**
** Also propagate EP_Propagate flags up from Expr.x.pList to Expr.flags,
** if appropriate.
*/
static void exprSetHeight(Expr *p){
  int nHeight = 0;
  heightOfExpr(p->pLeft, &nHeight);
  heightOfExpr(p->pRight, &nHeight);
  if( ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    heightOfSelect(p->x.pSelect, &nHeight);
  }else if( p->x.pList ){
    heightOfExprList(p->x.pList, &nHeight);
    p->flags |= EP_Propagate & sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->x.pList);
  }
  p->nHeight = nHeight + 1;
}

/*
** Set the Expr.nHeight variable using the exprSetHeight() function. If
** the height is greater than the maximum allowed expression depth,
** leave an error in pParse.
**
** Also propagate all EP_Propagate flags from the Expr.x.pList into
** Expr.flags. 
*/
void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
  exprSetHeight(p);
  sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(pParse, p->nHeight);
}

/*
** Return the maximum height of any expression tree referenced
** by the select statement passed as an argument.
*/
int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *p){
  int nHeight = 0;
  heightOfSelect(p, &nHeight);
  return nHeight;
}
#else /* ABOVE:  Height enforcement enabled.  BELOW: Height enforcement off */
/*
** Propagate all EP_Propagate flags from the Expr.x.pList into
** Expr.flags. 
*/
void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p){
  if( p && p->x.pList && !ExprHasProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect) ){
    p->flags |= EP_Propagate & sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->x.pList);
  }
}
#define exprSetHeight(y)
#endif /* SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0 */

/*
** This routine is the core allocator for Expr nodes.
**
** Construct a new expression node and return a pointer to it.  Memory
** for this node and for the pToken argument is a single allocation
................................................................................
  if( pRoot==0 ){
    assert( db->mallocFailed );
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pLeft);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pRight);
  }else{
    if( pRight ){
      pRoot->pRight = pRight;
      pRoot->flags |= EP_Propagate & pRight->flags;
    }
    if( pLeft ){
      pRoot->pLeft = pLeft;
      pRoot->flags |= EP_Propagate & pLeft->flags;
    }
    exprSetHeight(pRoot);
  }
}

/*
** Allocate an Expr node which joins as many as two subtrees.
................................................................................
  pNew = sqlite3ExprAlloc(db, TK_FUNCTION, pToken, 1);
  if( pNew==0 ){
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(db, pList); /* Avoid memory leak when malloc fails */
    return 0;
  }
  pNew->x.pList = pList;
  assert( !ExprHasProperty(pNew, EP_xIsSelect) );
  sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, pNew);
  return pNew;
}

/*
** Assign a variable number to an expression that encodes a wildcard
** in the original SQL statement.  
**
................................................................................
    sqlite3ExprDelete(db, pItem->pExpr);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zName);
    sqlite3DbFree(db, pItem->zSpan);
  }
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList->a);
  sqlite3DbFree(db, pList);
}

/*
** Return the bitwise-OR of all Expr.flags fields in the given
** ExprList.
*/
u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList *pList){
  int i;
  u32 m = 0;
  if( pList ){
    for(i=0; i<pList->nExpr; i++){
       m |= pList->a[i].pExpr->flags;
    }
  }
  return m;
}

/*
** These routines are Walker callbacks used to check expressions to
** see if they are "constant" for some definition of constant.  The
** Walker.eCode value determines the type of "constant" we are looking
** for.
**
................................................................................
  }

  switch( pExpr->op ){
    /* Consider functions to be constant if all their arguments are constant
    ** and either pWalker->eCode==4 or 5 or the function has the
    ** SQLITE_FUNC_CONST flag. */
    case TK_FUNCTION:
      if( pWalker->eCode>=4 || ExprHasProperty(pExpr,EP_ConstFunc) ){
        return WRC_Continue;
      }else{
        pWalker->eCode = 0;
        return WRC_Abort;
      }
    case TK_ID:
    case TK_COLUMN:

**
** errCode
**
**   The Pager.errCode variable is only ever used in PAGER_ERROR state. It
**   is set to zero in all other states. In PAGER_ERROR state, Pager.errCode 
**   is always set to SQLITE_FULL, SQLITE_IOERR or one of the SQLITE_IOERR_XXX 
**   sub-codes.
**
** otaMode
**   This variable is normally 0. It is set to 1 by the PagerSetOtaMode()
**   function - as a result of a "PRAGMA pager_ota_mode=1" command. Once 
**   the *-oal file has been opened and it has been determined that the 
**   database file has not been modified since it was created, this variable 
**   is set to 2.
**
**   It is also possible to use PagerSetOtaMode() to 2 if the database is
**   already in WAL mode. In this case the only effect is to prevent the
**   connection from checkpointing the db as part of an sqlite3PagerClose()
**   call.
*/
struct Pager {
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;          /* OS functions to use for IO */
  u8 exclusiveMode;           /* Boolean. True if locking_mode==EXCLUSIVE */
  u8 journalMode;             /* One of the PAGER_JOURNALMODE_* values */
  u8 useJournal;              /* Use a rollback journal on this file */
  u8 noSync;                  /* Do not sync the journal if true */
................................................................................
# define pagerUseWal(x) 0
# define pagerRollbackWal(x) 0
# define pagerWalFrames(v,w,x,y) 0
# define pagerOpenWalIfPresent(z) SQLITE_OK
# define pagerBeginReadTransaction(z) SQLITE_OK
#endif

static int pagerOpenWalInternal(Pager*, int*);

#ifndef NDEBUG 
/*
** Usage:
**
**   assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
**
** This function runs many asserts to try to find inconsistencies in
................................................................................
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bCommit && isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
    rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(pPager->fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO, 0);
    if( rc==SQLITE_NOTFOUND ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }

  if( !pPager->exclusiveMode
   && (!pagerUseWal(pPager) || sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(pPager->pWal, 0))
  ){
    rc2 = pagerUnlockDb(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
    pPager->changeCountDone = 0;
  }
  pPager->eState = PAGER_READER;
  pPager->setMaster = 0;
................................................................................
        pPager->journalSizeLimit, &pPager->pWal
    );
  }
  pagerFixMaplimit(pPager);

  return rc;
}


/*
** Open the WAL file if it is not open. If it is already open, set *pbOpen
** to 1 before returning. Return SQLITE_OK if successful, or an SQLite error
** code otherwise.
**
** The difference between this function and sqlite3PagerOpenWal() is that
** PagerOpenWal() does not open the WAL file if the pager is in OTA mode.








*/
static int pagerOpenWalInternal(
  Pager *pPager,                  /* Pager object */
  int *pbOpen                     /* OUT: Set to true if call is a no-op */
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */

  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN   || pbOpen );
................................................................................
  }else{
    *pbOpen = 1;
  }

  return rc;
}

/*
** The caller must be holding a SHARED lock on the database file to call
** this function.
**
** If the pager passed as the first argument is open on a real database
** file (not a temp file or an in-memory database), and the WAL file
** is not already open, make an attempt to open it now. If successful,
** return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs or the VFS used by the pager does 
** not support the xShmXXX() methods, return an error code. *pbOpen is
** not modified in either case.
**
** If the pager is open on a temp-file (or in-memory database), or if
** the WAL file is already open, set *pbOpen to 1 and return SQLITE_OK
** without doing anything.
*/
int sqlite3PagerOpenWal(
  Pager *pPager,                  /* Pager object */
  int *pbOpen                     /* OUT: Set to true if call is a no-op */
){
  return pagerOpenWalInternal(pPager, pbOpen);
}

/*
** This function is called to close the connection to the log file prior
** to switching from WAL to rollback mode.
**
** Before closing the log file, this function attempts to take an 
** EXCLUSIVE lock on the database file. If this cannot be obtained, an
** error (SQLITE_BUSY) is returned and the log connection is not closed.

**
** errCode
**
**   The Pager.errCode variable is only ever used in PAGER_ERROR state. It
**   is set to zero in all other states. In PAGER_ERROR state, Pager.errCode 
**   is always set to SQLITE_FULL, SQLITE_IOERR or one of the SQLITE_IOERR_XXX 
**   sub-codes.












*/
struct Pager {
  sqlite3_vfs *pVfs;          /* OS functions to use for IO */
  u8 exclusiveMode;           /* Boolean. True if locking_mode==EXCLUSIVE */
  u8 journalMode;             /* One of the PAGER_JOURNALMODE_* values */
  u8 useJournal;              /* Use a rollback journal on this file */
  u8 noSync;                  /* Do not sync the journal if true */
................................................................................
# define pagerUseWal(x) 0
# define pagerRollbackWal(x) 0
# define pagerWalFrames(v,w,x,y) 0
# define pagerOpenWalIfPresent(z) SQLITE_OK
# define pagerBeginReadTransaction(z) SQLITE_OK
#endif



#ifndef NDEBUG 
/*
** Usage:
**
**   assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
**
** This function runs many asserts to try to find inconsistencies in
................................................................................
  }

  if( rc==SQLITE_OK && bCommit && isOpen(pPager->fd) ){
    rc = sqlite3OsFileControl(pPager->fd, SQLITE_FCNTL_COMMIT_PHASETWO, 0);
    if( rc==SQLITE_NOTFOUND ) rc = SQLITE_OK;
  }

  if( !pPager->exclusiveMode 
   && (!pagerUseWal(pPager) || sqlite3WalExclusiveMode(pPager->pWal, 0))
  ){
    rc2 = pagerUnlockDb(pPager, SHARED_LOCK);
    pPager->changeCountDone = 0;
  }
  pPager->eState = PAGER_READER;
  pPager->setMaster = 0;
................................................................................
        pPager->journalSizeLimit, &pPager->pWal
    );
  }
  pagerFixMaplimit(pPager);

  return rc;
}


/*

** The caller must be holding a SHARED lock on the database file to call
** this function.
**
** If the pager passed as the first argument is open on a real database
** file (not a temp file or an in-memory database), and the WAL file
** is not already open, make an attempt to open it now. If successful,
** return SQLITE_OK. If an error occurs or the VFS used by the pager does 
** not support the xShmXXX() methods, return an error code. *pbOpen is
** not modified in either case.
**
** If the pager is open on a temp-file (or in-memory database), or if
** the WAL file is already open, set *pbOpen to 1 and return SQLITE_OK
** without doing anything.
*/
int sqlite3PagerOpenWal(
  Pager *pPager,                  /* Pager object */
  int *pbOpen                     /* OUT: Set to true if call is a no-op */
){
  int rc = SQLITE_OK;             /* Return code */

  assert( assert_pager_state(pPager) );
  assert( pPager->eState==PAGER_OPEN   || pbOpen );
................................................................................
  }else{
    *pbOpen = 1;
  }

  return rc;
}























/*
** This function is called to close the connection to the log file prior
** to switching from WAL to rollback mode.
**
** Before closing the log file, this function attempts to take an 
** EXCLUSIVE lock on the database file. If this cannot be obtained, an
** error (SQLITE_BUSY) is returned and the log connection is not closed.

        pRHS->flags |= EP_Generic;
      }
      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, N ? TK_NE : TK_EQ, X.pExpr, pRHS, 0);
    }else{
      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
      if( A.pExpr ){
        A.pExpr->x.pList = Y;
        sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
      }
      if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
    }
    A.zStart = X.zStart;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= LP(B) select(X) RP(E). {
    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
    if( A.pExpr ){
      A.pExpr->x.pSelect = X;
      ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, X);
    }
    A.zStart = B.z;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) LP select(Y) RP(E).  [IN] {
    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
    if( A.pExpr ){
      A.pExpr->x.pSelect = Y;
      ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    }
    if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
    A.zStart = X.zStart;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) nm(Y) dbnm(Z). [IN] {
    SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&Y,&Z);
    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
    if( A.pExpr ){
      A.pExpr->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
      ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
    }else{
      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, pSrc);
    }
    if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
    A.zStart = X.zStart;
    A.zEnd = Z.z ? &Z.z[Z.n] : &Y.z[Y.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= EXISTS(B) LP select(Y) RP(E). {
    Expr *p = A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0, 0);
    if( p ){
      p->x.pSelect = Y;
      ExprSetProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, p);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    }
    A.zStart = B.z;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
%endif SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY

/* CASE expressions */
expr(A) ::= CASE(C) case_operand(X) case_exprlist(Y) case_else(Z) END(E). {
  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, X, 0, 0);
  if( A.pExpr ){
    A.pExpr->x.pList = Z ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,Y,Z) : Y;
    sqlite3ExprSetHeight(pParse, A.pExpr);
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, Z);
  }
  A.zStart = C.z;
  A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
}

        pRHS->flags |= EP_Generic;
      }
      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, N ? TK_NE : TK_EQ, X.pExpr, pRHS, 0);
    }else{
      A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
      if( A.pExpr ){
        A.pExpr->x.pList = Y;
        sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
      }else{
        sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
      }
      if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
    }
    A.zStart = X.zStart;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= LP(B) select(X) RP(E). {
    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_SELECT, 0, 0, 0);
    if( A.pExpr ){
      A.pExpr->x.pSelect = X;
      ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_Subquery);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, X);
    }
    A.zStart = B.z;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) LP select(Y) RP(E).  [IN] {
    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
    if( A.pExpr ){
      A.pExpr->x.pSelect = Y;
      ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_Subquery);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    }
    if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
    A.zStart = X.zStart;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= expr(X) in_op(N) nm(Y) dbnm(Z). [IN] {
    SrcList *pSrc = sqlite3SrcListAppend(pParse->db, 0,&Y,&Z);
    A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_IN, X.pExpr, 0, 0);
    if( A.pExpr ){
      A.pExpr->x.pSelect = sqlite3SelectNew(pParse, 0,pSrc,0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
      ExprSetProperty(A.pExpr, EP_xIsSelect|EP_Subquery);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
    }else{
      sqlite3SrcListDelete(pParse->db, pSrc);
    }
    if( N ) A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_NOT, A.pExpr, 0, 0);
    A.zStart = X.zStart;
    A.zEnd = Z.z ? &Z.z[Z.n] : &Y.z[Y.n];
  }
  expr(A) ::= EXISTS(B) LP select(Y) RP(E). {
    Expr *p = A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_EXISTS, 0, 0, 0);
    if( p ){
      p->x.pSelect = Y;
      ExprSetProperty(p, EP_xIsSelect|EP_Subquery);
      sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, p);
    }else{
      sqlite3SelectDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    }
    A.zStart = B.z;
    A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
  }
%endif SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY

/* CASE expressions */
expr(A) ::= CASE(C) case_operand(X) case_exprlist(Y) case_else(Z) END(E). {
  A.pExpr = sqlite3PExpr(pParse, TK_CASE, X, 0, 0);
  if( A.pExpr ){
    A.pExpr->x.pList = Z ? sqlite3ExprListAppend(pParse,Y,Z) : Y;
    sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(pParse, A.pExpr);
  }else{
    sqlite3ExprListDelete(pParse->db, Y);
    sqlite3ExprDelete(pParse->db, Z);
  }
  A.zStart = C.z;
  A.zEnd = &E.z[E.n];
}

  ** schema.  If not found, pSchema will remain NULL and nothing will match
  ** resulting in an appropriate error message toward the end of this routine
  */
  if( zDb ){
    testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_PartIdx );
    testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck );
    if( (pNC->ncFlags & (NC_PartIdx|NC_IsCheck))!=0 ){
      /* Silently ignore database qualifiers inside CHECK constraints and partial
      ** indices.  Do not raise errors because that might break legacy and
      ** because it does not hurt anything to just ignore the database name. */

      zDb = 0;
    }else{
      for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
        assert( db->aDb[i].zName );
        if( sqlite3StrICmp(db->aDb[i].zName,zDb)==0 ){
          pSchema = db->aDb[i].pSchema;
          break;
................................................................................
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      if( pMatch ){
        pExpr->iTable = pMatch->iCursor;
        pExpr->pTab = pMatch->pTab;

        assert( (pMatch->jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 ); /* RIGHT JOIN not (yet) supported */
        if( (pMatch->jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_CanBeNull);
        }
        pSchema = pExpr->pTab->pSchema;
      }
    } /* if( pSrcList ) */

................................................................................
      pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
      pExpr->pTab = pItem->pTab;
      pExpr->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
      pExpr->iColumn = -1;
      pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
      break;
    }
#endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT) && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) */


    /* A lone identifier is the name of a column.
    */
    case TK_ID: {
      return lookupName(pParse, 0, 0, pExpr->u.zToken, pNC, pExpr);
    }
  
................................................................................
      }else{
        is_agg = pDef->xFunc==0;
        if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely|EP_Skip);
          if( n==2 ){
            pExpr->iTable = exprProbability(pList->a[1].pExpr);
            if( pExpr->iTable<0 ){

              sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "second argument to likelihood() must be a "
                                      "constant between 0.0 and 1.0");
              pNC->nErr++;
            }
          }else{
            /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-61304-29449 The unlikely(X) function is equivalent to
            ** likelihood(X, 0.0625).
            ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-01283-11636 The unlikely(X) function is short-hand for
            ** likelihood(X,0.0625).
            ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-36850-34127 The likely(X) function is short-hand for
            ** likelihood(X,0.9375).
            ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-53436-40973 The likely(X) function is equivalent to
            ** likelihood(X,0.9375). */
            /* TUNING: unlikely() probability is 0.0625.  likely() is 0.9375 */
            pExpr->iTable = pDef->zName[0]=='u' ? 8388608 : 125829120;
          }             
        }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
        auth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_FUNCTION, 0, pDef->zName, 0);
        if( auth!=SQLITE_OK ){
................................................................................
                                    pDef->zName);
            pNC->nErr++;
          }
          pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
          return WRC_Prune;
        }
#endif
        if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT ) ExprSetProperty(pExpr,EP_Constant);


      }
      if( is_agg && (pNC->ncFlags & NC_AllowAgg)==0 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aggregate function %.*s()", nId,zId);
        pNC->nErr++;
        is_agg = 0;
      }else if( no_such_func && pParse->db->init.busy==0 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such function: %.*s", nId, zId);
................................................................................
  assert( pEList!=0 );  /* sqlite3SelectNew() guarantees this */
  for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
    if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol ){
      if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol>pEList->nExpr ){
        resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, zType, i+1, pEList->nExpr);
        return 1;
      }
      resolveAlias(pParse, pEList, pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol-1, pItem->pExpr, zType,0);

    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** pOrderBy is an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause in SELECT statement pSelect.

  ** schema.  If not found, pSchema will remain NULL and nothing will match
  ** resulting in an appropriate error message toward the end of this routine
  */
  if( zDb ){
    testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_PartIdx );
    testcase( pNC->ncFlags & NC_IsCheck );
    if( (pNC->ncFlags & (NC_PartIdx|NC_IsCheck))!=0 ){
      /* Silently ignore database qualifiers inside CHECK constraints and
      ** partial indices.  Do not raise errors because that might break
      ** legacy and because it does not hurt anything to just ignore the
      ** database name. */
      zDb = 0;
    }else{
      for(i=0; i<db->nDb; i++){
        assert( db->aDb[i].zName );
        if( sqlite3StrICmp(db->aDb[i].zName,zDb)==0 ){
          pSchema = db->aDb[i].pSchema;
          break;
................................................................................
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      if( pMatch ){
        pExpr->iTable = pMatch->iCursor;
        pExpr->pTab = pMatch->pTab;
        /* RIGHT JOIN not (yet) supported */
        assert( (pMatch->jointype & JT_RIGHT)==0 );
        if( (pMatch->jointype & JT_LEFT)!=0 ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_CanBeNull);
        }
        pSchema = pExpr->pTab->pSchema;
      }
    } /* if( pSrcList ) */

................................................................................
      pExpr->op = TK_COLUMN;
      pExpr->pTab = pItem->pTab;
      pExpr->iTable = pItem->iCursor;
      pExpr->iColumn = -1;
      pExpr->affinity = SQLITE_AFF_INTEGER;
      break;
    }
#endif /* defined(SQLITE_ENABLE_UPDATE_DELETE_LIMIT)
          && !defined(SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY) */

    /* A lone identifier is the name of a column.
    */
    case TK_ID: {
      return lookupName(pParse, 0, 0, pExpr->u.zToken, pNC, pExpr);
    }
  
................................................................................
      }else{
        is_agg = pDef->xFunc==0;
        if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_UNLIKELY ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr, EP_Unlikely|EP_Skip);
          if( n==2 ){
            pExpr->iTable = exprProbability(pList->a[1].pExpr);
            if( pExpr->iTable<0 ){
              sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse,
                "second argument to likelihood() must be a "
                "constant between 0.0 and 1.0");
              pNC->nErr++;
            }
          }else{
            /* EVIDENCE-OF: R-61304-29449 The unlikely(X) function is
            ** equivalent to likelihood(X, 0.0625).
            ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-01283-11636 The unlikely(X) function is
            ** short-hand for likelihood(X,0.0625).
            ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-36850-34127 The likely(X) function is short-hand
            ** for likelihood(X,0.9375).
            ** EVIDENCE-OF: R-53436-40973 The likely(X) function is equivalent
            ** to likelihood(X,0.9375). */
            /* TUNING: unlikely() probability is 0.0625.  likely() is 0.9375 */
            pExpr->iTable = pDef->zName[0]=='u' ? 8388608 : 125829120;
          }             
        }
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_AUTHORIZATION
        auth = sqlite3AuthCheck(pParse, SQLITE_FUNCTION, 0, pDef->zName, 0);
        if( auth!=SQLITE_OK ){
................................................................................
                                    pDef->zName);
            pNC->nErr++;
          }
          pExpr->op = TK_NULL;
          return WRC_Prune;
        }
#endif
        if( pDef->funcFlags & SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT ){
          ExprSetProperty(pExpr,EP_ConstFunc);
        }
      }
      if( is_agg && (pNC->ncFlags & NC_AllowAgg)==0 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "misuse of aggregate function %.*s()", nId,zId);
        pNC->nErr++;
        is_agg = 0;
      }else if( no_such_func && pParse->db->init.busy==0 ){
        sqlite3ErrorMsg(pParse, "no such function: %.*s", nId, zId);
................................................................................
  assert( pEList!=0 );  /* sqlite3SelectNew() guarantees this */
  for(i=0, pItem=pOrderBy->a; i<pOrderBy->nExpr; i++, pItem++){
    if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol ){
      if( pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol>pEList->nExpr ){
        resolveOutOfRangeError(pParse, zType, i+1, pEList->nExpr);
        return 1;
      }
      resolveAlias(pParse, pEList, pItem->u.x.iOrderByCol-1, pItem->pExpr,
                   zType,0);
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

/*
** pOrderBy is an ORDER BY or GROUP BY clause in SELECT statement pSelect.

** exist on the table t1, a complete scan of the data might be
** avoided.
**
** Flattening is only attempted if all of the following are true:
**
**   (1)  The subquery and the outer query do not both use aggregates.
**
**   (2)  The subquery is not an aggregate or the outer query is not a join.



**
**   (3)  The subquery is not the right operand of a left outer join
**        (Originally ticket #306.  Strengthened by ticket #3300)
**
**   (4)  The subquery is not DISTINCT.
**
**  (**)  At one point restrictions (4) and (5) defined a subset of DISTINCT
................................................................................
  if( OptimizationDisabled(db, SQLITE_QueryFlattener) ) return 0;
  pSrc = p->pSrc;
  assert( pSrc && iFrom>=0 && iFrom<pSrc->nSrc );
  pSubitem = &pSrc->a[iFrom];
  iParent = pSubitem->iCursor;
  pSub = pSubitem->pSelect;
  assert( pSub!=0 );

  if( isAgg && subqueryIsAgg ) return 0;                 /* Restriction (1)  */
  if( subqueryIsAgg && pSrc->nSrc>1 ) return 0;          /* Restriction (2)  */








  pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;
  assert( pSubSrc );
  /* Prior to version 3.1.2, when LIMIT and OFFSET had to be simple constants,
  ** not arbitrary expressions, we allowed some combining of LIMIT and OFFSET
  ** because they could be computed at compile-time.  But when LIMIT and OFFSET
  ** became arbitrary expressions, we were forced to add restrictions (13)
  ** and (14). */
................................................................................
  pTabList = p->pSrc;
  pEList = p->pEList;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto select_end;
  }
  isAgg = (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
  assert( pEList!=0 );








  /* Begin generating code.
  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto select_end;

  /* If writing to memory or generating a set
................................................................................
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Generate a human-readable description of a the Select object.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 moreToFollow){
  int n = 0;
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT%s%s",
    ((p->selFlags & SF_Distinct) ? " DISTINCT" : ""),
    ((p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate) ? " agg_flag" : "")
  );
  if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ) n++;
  if( p->pWhere ) n++;
  if( p->pGroupBy ) n++;
  if( p->pHaving ) n++;
  if( p->pOrderBy ) n++;
  if( p->pLimit ) n++;

** exist on the table t1, a complete scan of the data might be
** avoided.
**
** Flattening is only attempted if all of the following are true:
**
**   (1)  The subquery and the outer query do not both use aggregates.
**
**   (2)  The subquery is not an aggregate or (2a) the outer query is not a join
**        and (2b) the outer query does not use subqueries other than the one
**        FROM-clause subquery that is a candidate for flattening.  (2b is
**        due to ticket [2f7170d73bf9abf80] from 2015-02-09.)
**
**   (3)  The subquery is not the right operand of a left outer join
**        (Originally ticket #306.  Strengthened by ticket #3300)
**
**   (4)  The subquery is not DISTINCT.
**
**  (**)  At one point restrictions (4) and (5) defined a subset of DISTINCT
................................................................................
  if( OptimizationDisabled(db, SQLITE_QueryFlattener) ) return 0;
  pSrc = p->pSrc;
  assert( pSrc && iFrom>=0 && iFrom<pSrc->nSrc );
  pSubitem = &pSrc->a[iFrom];
  iParent = pSubitem->iCursor;
  pSub = pSubitem->pSelect;
  assert( pSub!=0 );
  if( subqueryIsAgg ){
    if( isAgg ) return 0;                                /* Restriction (1)   */
    if( pSrc->nSrc>1 ) return 0;                         /* Restriction (2a)  */
    if( (p->pWhere && ExprHasProperty(p->pWhere,EP_Subquery))
     || (sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->pEList) & EP_Subquery)!=0
     || (sqlite3ExprListFlags(p->pOrderBy) & EP_Subquery)!=0
    ){
      return 0;                                          /* Restriction (2b)  */
    }
  }
    
  pSubSrc = pSub->pSrc;
  assert( pSubSrc );
  /* Prior to version 3.1.2, when LIMIT and OFFSET had to be simple constants,
  ** not arbitrary expressions, we allowed some combining of LIMIT and OFFSET
  ** because they could be computed at compile-time.  But when LIMIT and OFFSET
  ** became arbitrary expressions, we were forced to add restrictions (13)
  ** and (14). */
................................................................................
  pTabList = p->pSrc;
  pEList = p->pEList;
  if( pParse->nErr || db->mallocFailed ){
    goto select_end;
  }
  isAgg = (p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate)!=0;
  assert( pEList!=0 );
#if SELECTTRACE_ENABLED
  if( sqlite3SelectTrace & 0x100 ){
    SELECTTRACE(0x100,pParse,p, ("after name resolution:\n"));
    sqlite3TreeViewSelect(0, p, 0);
  }
#endif


  /* Begin generating code.
  */
  v = sqlite3GetVdbe(pParse);
  if( v==0 ) goto select_end;

  /* If writing to memory or generating a set
................................................................................
#ifdef SQLITE_DEBUG
/*
** Generate a human-readable description of a the Select object.
*/
void sqlite3TreeViewSelect(TreeView *pView, const Select *p, u8 moreToFollow){
  int n = 0;
  pView = sqlite3TreeViewPush(pView, moreToFollow);
  sqlite3TreeViewLine(pView, "SELECT%s%s (0x%p)",
    ((p->selFlags & SF_Distinct) ? " DISTINCT" : ""),
    ((p->selFlags & SF_Aggregate) ? " agg_flag" : ""), p
  );
  if( p->pSrc && p->pSrc->nSrc ) n++;
  if( p->pWhere ) n++;
  if( p->pGroupBy ) n++;
  if( p->pHaving ) n++;
  if( p->pOrderBy ) n++;
  if( p->pLimit ) n++;

#define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00100000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
#define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00200000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
#define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00800000  /* True to enable triggers */
#define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x01000000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
#define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x02000000  /* Disable database changes */
#define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x04000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */


/*
** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
** selectively disable various optimizations.
*/
#define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
................................................................................
#define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
#define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
#define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
#define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
#define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
#define EP_Constant  0x080000 /* Node is a constant */
#define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */







/*
** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the 
** Expr.flags field.
*/
#define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
#define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
................................................................................
Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);

int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse*,int);
................................................................................
  #define sqlite3JournalExists(p) 1
#endif

void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
int sqlite3MemJournalSize(void);
int sqlite3IsMemJournal(sqlite3_file *);


#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0
  void sqlite3ExprSetHeight(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
  int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
  int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
#else
  #define sqlite3ExprSetHeight(x,y)
  #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
  #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
#endif

u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);

................................................................................
# define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
# define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
#endif
#define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
#define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
#define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH    0x04  /* Scratch allocations */
#define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */


/*
** Threading interface
*/
#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
#endif

#endif /* _SQLITEINT_H_ */

#define SQLITE_AutoIndex      0x00100000  /* Enable automatic indexes */
#define SQLITE_PreferBuiltin  0x00200000  /* Preference to built-in funcs */
#define SQLITE_LoadExtension  0x00400000  /* Enable load_extension */
#define SQLITE_EnableTrigger  0x00800000  /* True to enable triggers */
#define SQLITE_DeferFKs       0x01000000  /* Defer all FK constraints */
#define SQLITE_QueryOnly      0x02000000  /* Disable database changes */
#define SQLITE_VdbeEQP        0x04000000  /* Debug EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN */


/*
** Bits of the sqlite3.dbOptFlags field that are used by the
** sqlite3_test_control(SQLITE_TESTCTRL_OPTIMIZATIONS,...) interface to
** selectively disable various optimizations.
*/
#define SQLITE_QueryFlattener 0x0001   /* Query flattening */
................................................................................
#define EP_Skip      0x001000 /* COLLATE, AS, or UNLIKELY */
#define EP_Reduced   0x002000 /* Expr struct EXPR_REDUCEDSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_TokenOnly 0x004000 /* Expr struct EXPR_TOKENONLYSIZE bytes only */
#define EP_Static    0x008000 /* Held in memory not obtained from malloc() */
#define EP_MemToken  0x010000 /* Need to sqlite3DbFree() Expr.zToken */
#define EP_NoReduce  0x020000 /* Cannot EXPRDUP_REDUCE this Expr */
#define EP_Unlikely  0x040000 /* unlikely() or likelihood() function */
#define EP_ConstFunc 0x080000 /* Node is a SQLITE_FUNC_CONSTANT function */
#define EP_CanBeNull 0x100000 /* Can be null despite NOT NULL constraint */
#define EP_Subquery  0x200000 /* Tree contains a TK_SELECT operator */

/*
** Combinations of two or more EP_* flags
*/
#define EP_Propagate (EP_Collate|EP_Subquery) /* Propagate these bits up tree */

/*
** These macros can be used to test, set, or clear bits in the 
** Expr.flags field.
*/
#define ExprHasProperty(E,P)     (((E)->flags&(P))!=0)
#define ExprHasAllProperty(E,P)  (((E)->flags&(P))==(P))
................................................................................
Expr *sqlite3ExprFunction(Parse*,ExprList*, Token*);
void sqlite3ExprAssignVarNumber(Parse*, Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprDelete(sqlite3*, Expr*);
ExprList *sqlite3ExprListAppend(Parse*,ExprList*,Expr*);
void sqlite3ExprListSetName(Parse*,ExprList*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ExprListSetSpan(Parse*,ExprList*,ExprSpan*);
void sqlite3ExprListDelete(sqlite3*, ExprList*);
u32 sqlite3ExprListFlags(const ExprList*);
int sqlite3Init(sqlite3*, char**);
int sqlite3InitCallback(void*, int, char**, char**);
void sqlite3Pragma(Parse*,Token*,Token*,Token*,int);
void sqlite3ResetAllSchemasOfConnection(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3ResetOneSchema(sqlite3*,int);
void sqlite3CollapseDatabaseArray(sqlite3*);
void sqlite3BeginParse(Parse*,int);
................................................................................
  #define sqlite3JournalExists(p) 1
#endif

void sqlite3MemJournalOpen(sqlite3_file *);
int sqlite3MemJournalSize(void);
int sqlite3IsMemJournal(sqlite3_file *);

void sqlite3ExprSetHeightAndFlags(Parse *pParse, Expr *p);
#if SQLITE_MAX_EXPR_DEPTH>0

  int sqlite3SelectExprHeight(Select *);
  int sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(Parse*, int);
#else

  #define sqlite3SelectExprHeight(x) 0
  #define sqlite3ExprCheckHeight(x,y)
#endif

u32 sqlite3Get4byte(const u8*);
void sqlite3Put4byte(u8*, u32);

................................................................................
# define sqlite3MemdebugHasType(X,Y)  1
# define sqlite3MemdebugNoType(X,Y)   1
#endif
#define MEMTYPE_HEAP       0x01  /* General heap allocations */
#define MEMTYPE_LOOKASIDE  0x02  /* Heap that might have been lookaside */
#define MEMTYPE_SCRATCH    0x04  /* Scratch allocations */
#define MEMTYPE_PCACHE     0x08  /* Page cache allocations */


/*
** Threading interface
*/
#if SQLITE_MAX_WORKER_THREADS>0
int sqlite3ThreadCreate(SQLiteThread**,void*(*)(void*),void*);
int sqlite3ThreadJoin(SQLiteThread*, void**);
#endif

#endif /* _SQLITEINT_H_ */

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
     { "sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus",       test_stmt_scanstatus,   0 },
     { "sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset", test_stmt_scanstatus_reset,   0 },
#endif

  };

  static int bitmask_size = sizeof(Bitmask)*8;
  int i;
  extern int sqlite3_sync_count, sqlite3_fullsync_count;
  extern int sqlite3_opentemp_count;
  extern int sqlite3_like_count;
  extern int sqlite3_xferopt_count;
  extern int sqlite3_pager_readdb_count;

#endif
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_STMT_SCANSTATUS
     { "sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus",       test_stmt_scanstatus,   0 },
     { "sqlite3_stmt_scanstatus_reset", test_stmt_scanstatus_reset,   0 },
#endif

  };

  static int bitmask_size = sizeof(Bitmask)*8;
  int i;
  extern int sqlite3_sync_count, sqlite3_fullsync_count;
  extern int sqlite3_opentemp_count;
  extern int sqlite3_like_count;
  extern int sqlite3_xferopt_count;
  extern int sqlite3_pager_readdb_count;

  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  char *zErr = 0;
  Table *pTab;
  Parse *pParse = 0;
  Incrblob *pBlob = 0;

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR






  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || ppBlob==0 || zTable==0 ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }
#endif
  flags = !!flags;                /* flags = (flags ? 1 : 0); */
  *ppBlob = 0;

  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);

  pBlob = (Incrblob *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Incrblob));
  if( !pBlob ) goto blob_open_out;
  pParse = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(db, sizeof(*pParse));
  if( !pParse ) goto blob_open_out;
................................................................................
  sqlite3 *db;

  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  db = p->db;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  v = (Vdbe*)p->pStmt;

  if( n<0 || iOffset<0 || (iOffset+n)>p->nByte ){
    /* Request is out of range. Return a transient error. */
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }else if( v==0 ){
    /* If there is no statement handle, then the blob-handle has
    ** already been invalidated. Return SQLITE_ABORT in this case.
    */
    rc = SQLITE_ABORT;

  int rc = SQLITE_OK;
  char *zErr = 0;
  Table *pTab;
  Parse *pParse = 0;
  Incrblob *pBlob = 0;

#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
  if( ppBlob==0 ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }
#endif
  *ppBlob = 0;
#ifdef SQLITE_ENABLE_API_ARMOR
  if( !sqlite3SafetyCheckOk(db) || zTable==0 ){
    return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  }
#endif
  flags = !!flags;                /* flags = (flags ? 1 : 0); */


  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);

  pBlob = (Incrblob *)sqlite3DbMallocZero(db, sizeof(Incrblob));
  if( !pBlob ) goto blob_open_out;
  pParse = sqlite3StackAllocRaw(db, sizeof(*pParse));
  if( !pParse ) goto blob_open_out;
................................................................................
  sqlite3 *db;

  if( p==0 ) return SQLITE_MISUSE_BKPT;
  db = p->db;
  sqlite3_mutex_enter(db->mutex);
  v = (Vdbe*)p->pStmt;

  if( n<0 || iOffset<0 || ((sqlite3_int64)iOffset+n)>p->nByte ){
    /* Request is out of range. Return a transient error. */
    rc = SQLITE_ERROR;
  }else if( v==0 ){
    /* If there is no statement handle, then the blob-handle has
    ** already been invalidated. Return SQLITE_ABORT in this case.
    */
    rc = SQLITE_ABORT;

#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this script is making sure collations pass through the
# unary + operator.
#
# $Id: collate8.test,v 1.2 2008/08/25 12:14:09 drh Exp $



set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

do_test collate8-1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a TEXT COLLATE nocase);
................................................................................
  }
} {abc ABC}
do_test collate8-2.8 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a COLLATE nocase AS x FROM t2 WHERE 'abc'=x COLLATE binary;
  }
} {abc}































finish_test

#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this script is making sure collations pass through the
# unary + operator.
#
# 2015-02-09:  Added tests to make sure COLLATE passes through function
# calls.  Ticket [ca0d20b6cdddec5e81b8d66f89c46a5583b5f6f6].
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

do_test collate8-1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t1(a TEXT COLLATE nocase);
................................................................................
  }
} {abc ABC}
do_test collate8-2.8 {
  execsql {
    SELECT a COLLATE nocase AS x FROM t2 WHERE 'abc'=x COLLATE binary;
  }
} {abc}

# Make sure the COLLATE operator perculates up through function calls
# and other Expr structures that use the Expr.x.pList field.
#
do_execsql_test collate8-3.1 {
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||'') COLLATE nocase;
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||'' COLLATE nocase);
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||('' COLLATE nocase));
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||upper('' COLLATE nocase));
} {1 1 1 1}
do_execsql_test collate8-3.2 {
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||max('' COLLATE nocase,'' COLLATE binary));
} {1}

# The COLLATE binary is on the left and so takes precedence
do_execsql_test collate8-3.3 {
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||max('' COLLATE binary,'' COLLATE nocase));
} {0}

do_execsql_test collate8-3.4 {
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||CASE WHEN 1-1=2 THEN '' COLLATE nocase
                                        ELSE '' COLLATE binary END);
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||CASE WHEN 1+1=2 THEN '' COLLATE nocase
                                        ELSE '' COLLATE binary END);
} {1 1}
do_execsql_test collate8-3.5 {
  SELECT 'abc'==('ABC'||CASE WHEN 1=2 THEN '' COLLATE binary
                                      ELSE '' COLLATE nocase END);
} {0}


finish_test

  close $rdHandle
} {}

do_test incrblob2-6.2 {
  set rdHandle [db incrblob -readonly t1 data 1]
  sqlite3_blob_read $rdHandle 0 2
} {AB}










do_test incrblob2-6.3 {
  set wrHandle [db incrblob t1 data 1]
  sqlite3_blob_write $wrHandle 0 ZZZZZZZZZZ
  sqlite3_blob_read $rdHandle 2 4
} {ZZZZ}














do_test incrblob2-6.4 {
  close $wrHandle
  close $rdHandle
} {}

sqlite3_memory_highwater 1

  close $rdHandle
} {}

do_test incrblob2-6.2 {
  set rdHandle [db incrblob -readonly t1 data 1]
  sqlite3_blob_read $rdHandle 0 2
} {AB}

do_test incrblob2-6.2b {
  set rc [catch {
    # Prior to 2015-02-07, the following caused a segfault due to
    # integer overflow.
    sqlite3_blob_read $rdHandle 2147483647 2147483647
  } errmsg]
  lappend rc $errmsg
} {1 SQLITE_ERROR}

do_test incrblob2-6.3 {
  set wrHandle [db incrblob t1 data 1]
  sqlite3_blob_write $wrHandle 0 ZZZZZZZZZZ
  sqlite3_blob_read $rdHandle 2 4
} {ZZZZ}

do_test incrblob2-6.3b {
  set rc [catch {
    # Prior to 2015-02-07, the following caused a segfault due to
    # integer overflow.
    sqlite3_blob_write $wrHandle 2147483647 YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY
  } errmsg]
  lappend rc $errmsg
} {1 SQLITE_ERROR}
do_test incrblob2-6.3c {
  sqlite3_blob_read $rdHandle 2 4
} {ZZZZ}


do_test incrblob2-6.4 {
  close $wrHandle
  close $rdHandle
} {}

sqlite3_memory_highwater 1

do_catchsql_test 10.8 {
  SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT * FROM k UNION ALL
    SELECT * FROM t UNION ALL 
    SELECT l,m,l FROM j 
  )
} $err


























































finish_test

do_catchsql_test 10.8 {
  SELECT * FROM (
    SELECT * FROM k UNION ALL
    SELECT * FROM t UNION ALL 
    SELECT l,m,l FROM j 
  )
} $err

# 2015-02-09 Ticket [2f7170d73bf9abf80339187aa3677dce3dbcd5ca]
# "misuse of aggregate" error if aggregate column from FROM
# subquery is used in correlated subquery 
#
do_execsql_test 11.1 {
  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t1;
  CREATE TABLE t1(w INT, x INT);
  INSERT INTO t1(w,x)
   VALUES(1,10),(2,20),(3,30),
         (2,21),(3,31),
         (3,32);
  CREATE INDEX t1wx ON t1(w,x);

  DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t2;
  CREATE TABLE t2(w INT, y VARCHAR(8));
  INSERT INTO t2(w,y) VALUES(1,'one'),(2,'two'),(3,'three'),(4,'four');
  CREATE INDEX t2wy ON t2(w,y);

  SELECT cnt, xyz, (SELECT y FROM t2 WHERE w=cnt), '|'
    FROM (SELECT count(*) AS cnt, w AS xyz FROM t1 GROUP BY 2)
   ORDER BY cnt, xyz;
} {1 1 one | 2 2 two | 3 3 three |}
do_execsql_test 11.2 {
  SELECT cnt, xyz, lower((SELECT y FROM t2 WHERE w=cnt)), '|'
    FROM (SELECT count(*) AS cnt, w AS xyz FROM t1 GROUP BY 2)
   ORDER BY cnt, xyz;
} {1 1 one | 2 2 two | 3 3 three |}
do_execsql_test 11.3 {
  SELECT cnt, xyz, '|'
    FROM (SELECT count(*) AS cnt, w AS xyz FROM t1 GROUP BY 2)
   WHERE (SELECT y FROM t2 WHERE w=cnt)!='two'
   ORDER BY cnt, xyz;
} {1 1 | 3 3 |}
do_execsql_test 11.4 {
  SELECT cnt, xyz, '|'
    FROM (SELECT count(*) AS cnt, w AS xyz FROM t1 GROUP BY 2)
   ORDER BY lower((SELECT y FROM t2 WHERE w=cnt));
} {1 1 | 3 3 | 2 2 |}
do_execsql_test 11.5 {
  SELECT cnt, xyz, 
         CASE WHEN (SELECT y FROM t2 WHERE w=cnt)=='two'
              THEN 'aaa' ELSE 'bbb'
          END, '|'
    FROM (SELECT count(*) AS cnt, w AS xyz FROM t1 GROUP BY 2)
   ORDER BY +cnt;
} {1 1 bbb | 2 2 aaa | 3 3 bbb |}

do_execsql_test 11.100 {
  DROP TABLE t1;
  DROP TABLE t2;
  CREATE TABLE t1(x);
  CREATE TABLE t2(y, z);
  SELECT ( SELECT y FROM t2 WHERE z = cnt )
    FROM ( SELECT count(*) AS cnt FROM t1 );
} {{}}


finish_test

# Run this TCL script using "testfixture" in order get a report that shows
# how much disk space is used by a particular data to actually store data
# versus how much space is unused.
#

if {[catch {


















# Get the name of the database to analyze
#
proc usage {} {
  set argv0 [file rootname [file tail [info nameofexecutable]]]
  puts stderr "Usage: $argv0 database-name"
  exit 1
}
................................................................................

set isCompressed 0
set compressOverhead 0
set sql { SELECT name, tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE rootpage>0 }
foreach {name tblname} [concat sqlite_master sqlite_master [db eval $sql]] {

  set is_index [expr {$name!=$tblname}]

  db eval {
    SELECT 
      sum(ncell) AS nentry,
      sum(isleaf(pagetype, $is_index) * ncell) AS leaf_entries,
      sum(payload) AS payload,
      sum(isoverflow(pagetype, $is_index) * payload) AS ovfl_payload,
      sum(path LIKE '%+000000') AS ovfl_cnt,
      max(mx_payload) AS mx_payload,
      sum(isinternal(pagetype, $is_index)) AS int_pages,
      sum(isleaf(pagetype, $is_index)) AS leaf_pages,
      sum(isoverflow(pagetype, $is_index)) AS ovfl_pages,
      sum(isinternal(pagetype, $is_index) * unused) AS int_unused,
      sum(isleaf(pagetype, $is_index) * unused) AS leaf_unused,
      sum(isoverflow(pagetype, $is_index) * unused) AS ovfl_unused,
      sum(pgsize) AS compressed_size
    FROM temp.dbstat WHERE name = $name
  } break

  set total_pages [expr {$leaf_pages+$int_pages+$ovfl_pages}]
  set storage [expr {$total_pages*$pageSize}]
  if {!$isCompressed && $storage>$compressed_size} {

# Run this TCL script using "testfixture" in order get a report that shows
# how much disk space is used by a particular data to actually store data
# versus how much space is unused.
#

if {[catch {

# Argument $tname is the name of a table within the database opened by
# database handle [db]. Return true if it is a WITHOUT ROWID table, or
# false otherwise.
#
proc is_without_rowid {tname} {
  set t [string map {' ''} $tname]
  db eval "PRAGMA index_list = '$t'" o {
    if {$o(origin) == "pk"} {
      set n $o(name)
      if {0==[db one { SELECT count(*) FROM sqlite_master WHERE name=$n }]} {
        return 1
      }
    }
  }
  return 0
}

# Get the name of the database to analyze
#
proc usage {} {
  set argv0 [file rootname [file tail [info nameofexecutable]]]
  puts stderr "Usage: $argv0 database-name"
  exit 1
}
................................................................................

set isCompressed 0
set compressOverhead 0
set sql { SELECT name, tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE rootpage>0 }
foreach {name tblname} [concat sqlite_master sqlite_master [db eval $sql]] {

  set is_index [expr {$name!=$tblname}]
  set idx_btree [expr {$is_index || [is_without_rowid $name]}]
  db eval {
    SELECT 
      sum(ncell) AS nentry,
      sum(isleaf(pagetype, $idx_btree) * ncell) AS leaf_entries,
      sum(payload) AS payload,
      sum(isoverflow(pagetype, $idx_btree) * payload) AS ovfl_payload,
      sum(path LIKE '%+000000') AS ovfl_cnt,
      max(mx_payload) AS mx_payload,
      sum(isinternal(pagetype, $idx_btree)) AS int_pages,
      sum(isleaf(pagetype, $idx_btree)) AS leaf_pages,
      sum(isoverflow(pagetype, $idx_btree)) AS ovfl_pages,
      sum(isinternal(pagetype, $idx_btree) * unused) AS int_unused,
      sum(isleaf(pagetype, $idx_btree) * unused) AS leaf_unused,
      sum(isoverflow(pagetype, $idx_btree) * unused) AS ovfl_unused,
      sum(pgsize) AS compressed_size
    FROM temp.dbstat WHERE name = $name
  } break

  set total_pages [expr {$leaf_pages+$int_pages+$ovfl_pages}]
  set storage [expr {$total_pages*$pageSize}]
  if {!$isCompressed && $storage>$compressed_size} {