**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains routines used for analyzing expressions and
** for generating VDBE code that evaluates expressions in SQLite.
**
** $Id: expr.c,v 1.317 2007/11/29 17:05:18 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** Return the 'affinity' of the expression pExpr if any.
**
................................................................................
**
** If mustBeUnique is true, then the structure will be used to iterate
** through the set members, skipping any duplicates. In this case an
** epheremal table must be used unless the selected <column> is guaranteed
** to be unique - either because it is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or it
** is unique by virtue of a constraint or implicit index.
*/

int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *pParse, Expr *pX, int mustBeUnique){
  Select *p;
  int eType = 0;
  int iTab = pParse->nTab++;

  /* The follwing if(...) expression is true if the SELECT is of the 
  ** simple form:
................................................................................
    sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pX);
    eType = IN_INDEX_EPH;
  }else{
    pX->iTable = iTab;
  }
  return eType;
}


/*
** Generate code for scalar subqueries used as an expression
** and IN operators.  Examples:
**
**     (SELECT a FROM b)          -- subquery
**     EXISTS (SELECT a FROM b)   -- EXISTS subquery

**    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
**    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
**
*************************************************************************
** This file contains routines used for analyzing expressions and
** for generating VDBE code that evaluates expressions in SQLite.
**
** $Id: expr.c,v 1.318 2007/12/10 05:03:47 danielk1977 Exp $
*/
#include "sqliteInt.h"
#include <ctype.h>

/*
** Return the 'affinity' of the expression pExpr if any.
**
................................................................................
**
** If mustBeUnique is true, then the structure will be used to iterate
** through the set members, skipping any duplicates. In this case an
** epheremal table must be used unless the selected <column> is guaranteed
** to be unique - either because it is an INTEGER PRIMARY KEY or it
** is unique by virtue of a constraint or implicit index.
*/
#ifndef SQLITE_OMIT_SUBQUERY
int sqlite3FindInIndex(Parse *pParse, Expr *pX, int mustBeUnique){
  Select *p;
  int eType = 0;
  int iTab = pParse->nTab++;

  /* The follwing if(...) expression is true if the SELECT is of the 
  ** simple form:
................................................................................
    sqlite3CodeSubselect(pParse, pX);
    eType = IN_INDEX_EPH;
  }else{
    pX->iTable = iTab;
  }
  return eType;
}
#endif

/*
** Generate code for scalar subqueries used as an expression
** and IN operators.  Examples:
**
**     (SELECT a FROM b)          -- subquery
**     EXISTS (SELECT a FROM b)   -- EXISTS subquery

#
#***********************************************************************
# This file tests the optimisations made in November 2007 of expressions 
# of the following form:
#
#     <value> IN (SELECT <column> FROM <table>)
#
# $Id: in3.test,v 1.1 2007/11/29 17:05:18 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl






# Return the number of OpenEphemeral instructions used in the
# implementation of the sql statement passed as a an argument.
#
proc nEphemeral {sql} {
  set nEph 0
  foreach op [execsql "EXPLAIN $sql"] {

#
#***********************************************************************
# This file tests the optimisations made in November 2007 of expressions 
# of the following form:
#
#     <value> IN (SELECT <column> FROM <table>)
#
# $Id: in3.test,v 1.2 2007/12/10 05:03:48 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !subquery {
  finish_test
  return
}

# Return the number of OpenEphemeral instructions used in the
# implementation of the sql statement passed as a an argument.
#
proc nEphemeral {sql} {
  set nEph 0
  foreach op [execsql "EXPLAIN $sql"] {

#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the incremental vacuum feature.
#
# Note: There are also some tests for incremental vacuum and IO 
# errors in incrvacuum_ioerr.test.
#
# $Id: incrvacuum.test,v 1.14 2007/09/01 10:01:13 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# If this build of the library does not support auto-vacuum, omit this
# whole file.
ifcapable {!autovacuum || !pragma} {
................................................................................
  PRAGMA incremental_vacuum;
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('hello', 'world');
  ROLLBACK;
} {
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('hello', 'world');
}
]






# Compare the contents of databases $A and $B.
#
proc compare_dbs {A B tname} {
  set tbl_list [execsql {
    SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table'
  } $A]

#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the incremental vacuum feature.
#
# Note: There are also some tests for incremental vacuum and IO 
# errors in incrvacuum_ioerr.test.
#
# $Id: incrvacuum.test,v 1.15 2007/12/10 05:03:48 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# If this build of the library does not support auto-vacuum, omit this
# whole file.
ifcapable {!autovacuum || !pragma} {
................................................................................
  PRAGMA incremental_vacuum;
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('hello', 'world');
  ROLLBACK;
} {
  INSERT INTO t3 VALUES('hello', 'world');
}
]

# If this build omit's subqueries, step 2 in the above list will not
# work. Replace it with "" in this case. 
#
ifcapable !subquery { lset TestScriptList 2 "" }

# Compare the contents of databases $A and $B.
#
proc compare_dbs {A B tname} {
  set tbl_list [execsql {
    SELECT tbl_name FROM sqlite_master WHERE type = 'table'
  } $A]

#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# The tests in this file ensure that a temporary table is used
# when required by an "INSERT INTO ... SELECT ..." statement.
#
# $Id: insert5.test,v 1.1 2007/11/23 15:02:19 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl






# Return true if the compilation of the sql passed as an argument 
# includes the opcode OpenEphemeral. An "INSERT INTO ... SELECT"
# statement includes such an opcode if a temp-table is used
# to store intermediate results.
# 
proc uses_temp_table {sql} {

#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# The tests in this file ensure that a temporary table is used
# when required by an "INSERT INTO ... SELECT ..." statement.
#
# $Id: insert5.test,v 1.2 2007/12/10 05:03:48 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !subquery {
  finish_test
  return
}

# Return true if the compilation of the sql passed as an argument 
# includes the opcode OpenEphemeral. An "INSERT INTO ... SELECT"
# statement includes such an opcode if a temp-table is used
# to store intermediate results.
# 
proc uses_temp_table {sql} {

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the SELECT statement.
#
# $Id: select1.test,v 1.55 2007/12/08 21:10:20 drh Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Try to select on a non-existant table.
#
do_test select1-1.1 {
................................................................................
    SELECT f1 FROM test1 UNION SELECT f2+100 FROM test1
    ORDER BY f2+101;
  }} msg]
  lappend v $msg
} {1 {ORDER BY term number 1 does not match any result column}}

# Ticket #2296

do_test select1-6.20 {
   execsql {
     CREATE TABLE t6(a TEXT, b TEXT);
     INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('a','0');
     INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('b','1');
     INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('c','2');
     INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('d','3');
................................................................................
   execsql {
     SELECT a FROM t6 WHERE b IN 
        (SELECT b FROM t6 WHERE a<='b' UNION SELECT '3' AS x
                 ORDER BY x DESC LIMIT 2)
     ORDER BY a;
   }
} {b d}


} ;#ifcapable compound

do_test select1-7.1 {
  set v [catch {execsql {
     SELECT f1 FROM test1 WHERE f2=;
  }} msg]

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the SELECT statement.
#
# $Id: select1.test,v 1.56 2007/12/10 05:03:48 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Try to select on a non-existant table.
#
do_test select1-1.1 {
................................................................................
    SELECT f1 FROM test1 UNION SELECT f2+100 FROM test1
    ORDER BY f2+101;
  }} msg]
  lappend v $msg
} {1 {ORDER BY term number 1 does not match any result column}}

# Ticket #2296
ifcapable subquery {
do_test select1-6.20 {
   execsql {
     CREATE TABLE t6(a TEXT, b TEXT);
     INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('a','0');
     INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('b','1');
     INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('c','2');
     INSERT INTO t6 VALUES('d','3');
................................................................................
   execsql {
     SELECT a FROM t6 WHERE b IN 
        (SELECT b FROM t6 WHERE a<='b' UNION SELECT '3' AS x
                 ORDER BY x DESC LIMIT 2)
     ORDER BY a;
   }
} {b d}
}

} ;#ifcapable compound

do_test select1-7.1 {
  set v [catch {execsql {
     SELECT f1 FROM test1 WHERE f2=;
  }} msg]

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# This file is to test that ticket #2640 has been fixed.
#
# $Id: tkt2640.test,v 1.1 2007/09/12 15:41:01 drh Exp $
#

# The problem in ticket #2640 was that the query optimizer was 
# not recognizing all uses of tables within subqueries in the
# WHERE clause.  If the subquery contained a compound SELECT,
# then tables that were used by terms of the compound other than
# the last term would not be recognized as dependencies.
................................................................................
# use of a table that occurs later in a join, the query
# optimizer would not recognize this and would try to evaluate
# the subquery too early, before that tables value had been
# established.

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl






do_test tkt2640-1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE persons(person_id, name);
    INSERT INTO persons VALUES(1,'fred');
    INSERT INTO persons VALUES(2,'barney');
    INSERT INTO persons VALUES(3,'wilma');

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# This file is to test that ticket #2640 has been fixed.
#
# $Id: tkt2640.test,v 1.2 2007/12/10 05:03:48 danielk1977 Exp $
#

# The problem in ticket #2640 was that the query optimizer was 
# not recognizing all uses of tables within subqueries in the
# WHERE clause.  If the subquery contained a compound SELECT,
# then tables that were used by terms of the compound other than
# the last term would not be recognized as dependencies.
................................................................................
# use of a table that occurs later in a join, the query
# optimizer would not recognize this and would try to evaluate
# the subquery too early, before that tables value had been
# established.

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !subquery {
  finish_test
  return
}

do_test tkt2640-1.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE persons(person_id, name);
    INSERT INTO persons VALUES(1,'fred');
    INSERT INTO persons VALUES(2,'barney');
    INSERT INTO persons VALUES(3,'wilma');

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# This file is to test that ticket #2686 has been fixed.
#
# $Id: tkt2686.test,v 1.1 2007/10/04 18:52:15 drh Exp $
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl






db eval {
  PRAGMA page_size=1024;
  PRAGMA max_page_count=50;
  PRAGMA auto_vacuum=0;
  CREATE TABLE filler (fill);
}

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
#
# This file is to test that ticket #2686 has been fixed.
#
# $Id: tkt2686.test,v 1.2 2007/12/10 05:03:48 danielk1977 Exp $
#

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !subquery {
  finish_test
  return
}

db eval {
  PRAGMA page_size=1024;
  PRAGMA max_page_count=50;
  PRAGMA auto_vacuum=0;
  CREATE TABLE filler (fill);
}

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is creating and dropping virtual tables.
#
# $Id: vtab1.test,v 1.48 2007/11/05 05:12:53 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !vtab||!schema_pragmas {
  finish_test
  return
................................................................................
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a MATCH 'string';
  }
} {1 {unable to use function MATCH in the requested context}}
do_test vtab1-3.13 {
  set echo_module
} [list xBestIndex {SELECT rowid, * FROM 'treal'} \
        xFilter    {SELECT rowid, * FROM 'treal'}]


do_test vtab1-3.14 {
  set echo_module ""
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b MATCH 'string';
  }
} {}
do_test vtab1-3.15 {
  set echo_module
} [list xBestIndex \
        {SELECT rowid, * FROM 'treal' WHERE b LIKE (SELECT '%'||?||'%')}  \
        xFilter \
        {SELECT rowid, * FROM 'treal' WHERE b LIKE (SELECT '%'||?||'%')} \
        string ]


#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test case vtab1-3 test table scans and the echo module's 
# xBestIndex/xFilter handling of ORDER BY clauses.

# This procedure executes the SQL.  Then it checks to see if the OP_Sort
# opcode was executed.  If an OP_Sort did occur, then "sort" is appended

#    May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.
#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is creating and dropping virtual tables.
#
# $Id: vtab1.test,v 1.49 2007/12/10 05:03:48 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !vtab||!schema_pragmas {
  finish_test
  return
................................................................................
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE a MATCH 'string';
  }
} {1 {unable to use function MATCH in the requested context}}
do_test vtab1-3.13 {
  set echo_module
} [list xBestIndex {SELECT rowid, * FROM 'treal'} \
        xFilter    {SELECT rowid, * FROM 'treal'}]
ifcapable subquery {
# The echo module uses a subquery internally to implement the MATCH operator.
do_test vtab1-3.14 {
  set echo_module ""
  execsql {
    SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE b MATCH 'string';
  }
} {}
do_test vtab1-3.15 {
  set echo_module
} [list xBestIndex \
        {SELECT rowid, * FROM 'treal' WHERE b LIKE (SELECT '%'||?||'%')}  \
        xFilter \
        {SELECT rowid, * FROM 'treal' WHERE b LIKE (SELECT '%'||?||'%')} \
        string ]
}; #ifcapable subquery

#----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Test case vtab1-3 test table scans and the echo module's 
# xBestIndex/xFilter handling of ORDER BY clauses.

# This procedure executes the SQL.  Then it checks to see if the OP_Sort
# opcode was executed.  If an OP_Sort did occur, then "sort" is appended

#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the use of indices in WHERE clauses
# based on recent changes to the optimizer.
#
# $Id: where2.test,v 1.12 2007/09/12 17:01:45 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Build some test data
#
do_test where2-1.0 {
................................................................................
} {123 0123 nosort t2249b {} t2249a {}}
do_test where2-6.11.4 {
  # Permutations of the expression terms.
  queryplan {
    SELECT * FROM t2249b CROSS JOIN t2249a WHERE a='hello' OR b=a;
  }
} {123 0123 nosort t2249b {} t2249a {}}
ifcapable explain {





  do_test where2-6.12 {
    # In this case, the +b disables the affinity conflict and allows
    # the OR optimization to be used again.  The result is now an empty
    # set, the same as in where2-6.9.
    queryplan {
      SELECT * FROM t2249b CROSS JOIN t2249a WHERE a=+b OR a='hello';
    }
................................................................................
    # In this case, the +b disables the affinity conflict and allows
    # the OR optimization to be used again.  The result is now an empty
    # set, the same as in where2-6.9.
    queryplan {
      SELECT * FROM t2249b CROSS JOIN t2249a WHERE a='hello' OR +b=a;
    }
  } {nosort t2249b {} {} sqlite_autoindex_t2249a_1}
}
ifcapable explain {
  do_test where2-6.12.3 {
    # In this case, the +b disables the affinity conflict and allows
    # the OR optimization to be used again.  The result is now an empty
    # set, the same as in where2-6.9.
    queryplan {
      SELECT * FROM t2249b CROSS JOIN t2249a WHERE +b=a OR a='hello';
    }
................................................................................
# Variations on the order of terms in a WHERE clause in order
# to make sure the OR optimizer can recognize them all.
do_test where2-6.20 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT * FROM t2249a x CROSS JOIN t2249a y WHERE x.a=y.a
  }
} {0123 0123 nosort x {} {} sqlite_autoindex_t2249a_1}
ifcapable explain {





  do_test where2-6.21 {
    queryplan {
      SELECT * FROM t2249a x CROSS JOIN t2249a y WHERE x.a=y.a OR y.a='hello'
    }
  } {0123 0123 nosort x {} {} sqlite_autoindex_t2249a_1}
  do_test where2-6.22 {
    queryplan {
................................................................................
    }
    execsql {
      CREATE INDEX i10 ON t10(a,b);
      COMMIT;
      SELECT count(*) FROM t10;
    }
  } 1000

  do_test where2-9.2 {
    count {
      SELECT * FROM t10 WHERE a=1 AND (b=2 OR b=3)
    }
  } {1 2 2 1 3 3 7}

}

finish_test

#    May you share freely, never taking more than you give.
#
#***********************************************************************
# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the use of indices in WHERE clauses
# based on recent changes to the optimizer.
#
# $Id: where2.test,v 1.13 2007/12/10 05:03:48 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

# Build some test data
#
do_test where2-1.0 {
................................................................................
} {123 0123 nosort t2249b {} t2249a {}}
do_test where2-6.11.4 {
  # Permutations of the expression terms.
  queryplan {
    SELECT * FROM t2249b CROSS JOIN t2249a WHERE a='hello' OR b=a;
  }
} {123 0123 nosort t2249b {} t2249a {}}
ifcapable explain&&subquery {
  # These tests are not run if subquery support is not included in the
  # build. This is because these tests test the "a = 1 OR a = 2" to
  # "a IN (1, 2)" optimisation transformation, which is not enabled if
  # subqueries and the IN operator is not available.
  #
  do_test where2-6.12 {
    # In this case, the +b disables the affinity conflict and allows
    # the OR optimization to be used again.  The result is now an empty
    # set, the same as in where2-6.9.
    queryplan {
      SELECT * FROM t2249b CROSS JOIN t2249a WHERE a=+b OR a='hello';
    }
................................................................................
    # In this case, the +b disables the affinity conflict and allows
    # the OR optimization to be used again.  The result is now an empty
    # set, the same as in where2-6.9.
    queryplan {
      SELECT * FROM t2249b CROSS JOIN t2249a WHERE a='hello' OR +b=a;
    }
  } {nosort t2249b {} {} sqlite_autoindex_t2249a_1}


  do_test where2-6.12.3 {
    # In this case, the +b disables the affinity conflict and allows
    # the OR optimization to be used again.  The result is now an empty
    # set, the same as in where2-6.9.
    queryplan {
      SELECT * FROM t2249b CROSS JOIN t2249a WHERE +b=a OR a='hello';
    }
................................................................................
# Variations on the order of terms in a WHERE clause in order
# to make sure the OR optimizer can recognize them all.
do_test where2-6.20 {
  queryplan {
    SELECT * FROM t2249a x CROSS JOIN t2249a y WHERE x.a=y.a
  }
} {0123 0123 nosort x {} {} sqlite_autoindex_t2249a_1}
ifcapable explain&&subquery {
  # These tests are not run if subquery support is not included in the
  # build. This is because these tests test the "a = 1 OR a = 2" to
  # "a IN (1, 2)" optimisation transformation, which is not enabled if
  # subqueries and the IN operator is not available.
  #
  do_test where2-6.21 {
    queryplan {
      SELECT * FROM t2249a x CROSS JOIN t2249a y WHERE x.a=y.a OR y.a='hello'
    }
  } {0123 0123 nosort x {} {} sqlite_autoindex_t2249a_1}
  do_test where2-6.22 {
    queryplan {
................................................................................
    }
    execsql {
      CREATE INDEX i10 ON t10(a,b);
      COMMIT;
      SELECT count(*) FROM t10;
    }
  } 1000
  ifcapable subquery {
    do_test where2-9.2 {
      count {
        SELECT * FROM t10 WHERE a=1 AND (b=2 OR b=3)
      }
    } {1 2 2 1 3 3 7}
  }
}

finish_test

# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the use of indices in WHERE clauses.
# This file was created when support for optimizing IS NULL phrases
# was added.  And so the principle purpose of this file is to test
# that IS NULL phrases are correctly optimized.  But you can never
# have too many tests, so some other tests are thrown in as well.
#
# $Id: where4.test,v 1.5 2007/09/12 17:01:45 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !tclvar||!bloblit {
  finish_test
  return
................................................................................
    SELECT * FROM test t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN test2 t2 ON t1.col1 = t2.col1
      WHERE t1.col1 IS NULL;
  }
} {}

# Ticket #2273.  Problems with IN operators and NULLs.
#

do_test where4-5.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t4(x,y,z,PRIMARY KEY(x,y));
  }
  execsql {
    SELECT *
      FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t4 b1
................................................................................
do_test where4-7.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT sum((
      SELECT d FROM t8 WHERE a = i AND b = i AND c < NULL
    )) FROM t7;
  }
} {{}}



finish_test

# This file implements regression tests for SQLite library.  The
# focus of this file is testing the use of indices in WHERE clauses.
# This file was created when support for optimizing IS NULL phrases
# was added.  And so the principle purpose of this file is to test
# that IS NULL phrases are correctly optimized.  But you can never
# have too many tests, so some other tests are thrown in as well.
#
# $Id: where4.test,v 1.6 2007/12/10 05:03:48 danielk1977 Exp $

set testdir [file dirname $argv0]
source $testdir/tester.tcl

ifcapable !tclvar||!bloblit {
  finish_test
  return
................................................................................
    SELECT * FROM test t1 LEFT OUTER JOIN test2 t2 ON t1.col1 = t2.col1
      WHERE t1.col1 IS NULL;
  }
} {}

# Ticket #2273.  Problems with IN operators and NULLs.
#
ifcapable subquery {
do_test where4-5.1 {
  execsql {
    CREATE TABLE t4(x,y,z,PRIMARY KEY(x,y));
  }
  execsql {
    SELECT *
      FROM t2 LEFT JOIN t4 b1
................................................................................
do_test where4-7.2 {
  execsql {
    SELECT sum((
      SELECT d FROM t8 WHERE a = i AND b = i AND c < NULL
    )) FROM t7;
  }
} {{}}

}; #ifcapable subquery

finish_test